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Paisaje de las alteraciones genómicas en los carcinomas cervicales

Akinyemi I Ojesina¹, Lee Lichtenstein², Samuel S Freeman³

¹1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [3].

|January 7, 2014

Resumen

Nuevos conocimientos genómicos sobre el cáncer de cuello uterino revelan mutaciones somáticas previamente desconocidas en MAPK1, HLA-B, EP300 y FBXW7.7. Estos hallazgos en cánceres asociados al virus del papiloma humano (VPH) ofrecen nuevas estrategias terapéuticas potenciales.

Área de la Ciencia:

Oncología Oncología.
La genómica es la genómica.
Virología Virología.

Sus antecedentes:

El cáncer de cuello uterino causa una mortalidad significativa en las mujeres a nivel mundial.
Los virus del papiloma humano de alto riesgo (VPH) son agentes etiológicos establecidos.
Investigaciones previas identificaron mutaciones somáticas y alteraciones en el número de copias en la patogénesis del cáncer cervical.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para identificar nuevas alteraciones genómicas somáticas en los carcinomas cervicales.
Para comparar perfiles genómicos entre los carcinomas de células escamosas y los adenocarcinomas.
Para investigar la relación entre la integración del VPH y la expresión génica.

Principales métodos:

Secuenciación del exoma entero de 115 parejas de carcinoma cervical-normal.
Secuenciación del transcriptoma de 79 casos.
Secuenciación del genoma completo de 14 pares tumoral y normal.

Principales resultados:

Se identificaron mutaciones recurrentes en MAPK1, HLA-B, EP300, FBXW7, NFE2L2, TP53 y ERBB2 en los carcinomas de células escamosas.
Se descubrieron mutaciones somáticas de ELF3 y CBFB en adenocarcinomas.
Se observaron patrones de sustitución distintos (sitios Tp*C) en los carcinomas de células escamosas.
Se encontró una expresión génica elevada en los sitios de integración del VPH.

Conclusiones:

Las alteraciones genómicas recurrentes en el cáncer de cuello uterino proporcionan nuevos objetivos para las estrategias terapéuticas.
Existen distintos subtipos moleculares entre los carcinomas de células escamosas cervicales y los adenocarcinomas.
La integración del VPH influye en la expresión génica local, impactando potencialmente en el desarrollo del tumor.

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