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Prevalencia del tabaquismo y consumo de cigarrillos en 187 países, 1980-2012

Marie Ng¹, Michael K Freeman¹, Thomas D Fleming¹

¹Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle.

|January 9, 2014

Resumen

La prevalencia mundial del tabaquismo diario disminuyó significativamente para hombres y mujeres entre 1980 y 2012. Sin embargo, el número total de fumadores aumentó debido al crecimiento de la población, lo que pone de relieve la amenaza continua del consumo de tabaco.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud Global La salud global.
Epidemiología La epidemiología.
El control del tabaco para el control del tabaco.

Sus antecedentes:

El consumo de tabaco es un factor de riesgo global primario para la enfermedad.
Comprender las tendencias nacionales en la prevalencia y el consumo de tabaco es crucial para las intervenciones efectivas de salud pública y la evaluación de las estrategias de control del tabaco.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para estimar la prevalencia mundial del tabaquismo diario por edad y sexo.
Para determinar el número promedio de cigarrillos fumados por día por persona en 187 países desde 1980 hasta 2012.

Principales métodos:

Identificación sistemática de 2102 encuestas representativas a nivel nacional sobre el consumo de tabaco.
Ajuste de los datos de la encuesta para las diferentes definiciones de fumar diariamente.
Síntesis de 38.315 observaciones de edad-sexo-país-año utilizando la regresión del proceso gaussiano espacio-temporal.
Modelado de los datos de prevalencia y consumo para estimar los cigarrillos por fumador por día.

Principales resultados:

La prevalencia global de tabaquismo diario estandarizado por edad disminuyó del 41.2% al 31.1% para los hombres y del 10.6% al 6.2% para las mujeres (1980-2012).
La tasa de disminución de la prevalencia se desaceleró después de 2006.
A pesar de la disminución de la prevalencia, el número total de fumadores diarios aumentó de 721 millones a 967 millones.
Se observaron variaciones significativas en la prevalencia y el consumo en diferentes países, grupos de edad y sexos.

Conclusiones:

Si bien la prevalencia mundial del tabaquismo ha disminuido, el crecimiento de la población ha llevado a un aumento en el número absoluto de fumadores.
El consumo de tabaco sigue siendo una amenaza significativa para la salud mundial.
Es necesario intensificar los esfuerzos de control del tabaco para mitigar el impacto del tabaco en la salud.

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