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La competencia mediada por las micorrizas entre las plantas y los descomponedores impulsa el almacenamiento de

Colin Averill¹, Benjamin L Turner², Adrien C Finzi³

¹Department of Integrative Biology, Graduate Program in Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA.

|January 10, 2014

Resumen

El almacenamiento de carbono en el suelo es significativamente mayor en los ecosistemas con hongos ectomicorrizales y ericoides micorrizales (EEM) en comparación con los hongos micorrizales arbusculares (AM). Esta diferencia es impulsada por la competencia de los hongos por los nutrientes, lo que afecta a los ciclos globales del carbono.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias del suelo Ciencias del suelo.
Ecología Ecología Ecología.
La micología de la micología.

Sus antecedentes:

El carbono orgánico del suelo excede al carbono atmosférico y vegetal combinado.
Comprender la dinámica del carbono del suelo es crucial para la predicción del cambio climático.
La descomposición microbiana de la materia orgánica del suelo a menudo está limitada por la disponibilidad de nitrógeno.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar el papel del tipo de hongos micorrizales en la regulación del almacenamiento de carbono en el suelo.
Para probar la predicción de que los hongos ectomicorrizales (EEM) y micorrizales ericoides (EEM) promueven más carbono en el suelo que los hongos micorrizales arbusculares (AM).

Principales métodos:

Utilizó conjuntos de datos globales para comparar el contenido de carbono en el suelo en ecosistemas dominados por plantas asociadas con EEM frente a plantas asociadas con AM.
Se analizó el carbono del suelo por unidad de nitrógeno como una métrica clave.
Se evaluó la influencia del tipo micorrizal independientemente de otros factores como la producción primaria neta, la temperatura, la precipitación y el contenido de arcilla del suelo.

Principales resultados:

Los ecosistemas dominados por plantas asociadas con EEM mostraron un 70% más de carbono en el suelo por unidad de nitrógeno que aquellos dominados por plantas asociadas con AM.
El impacto del tipo micorrizal en el carbono del suelo fue sustancial e independiente de otros factores ambientales.
Este efecto fue consistente a escala global.

Conclusiones:

El tipo de hongos micorrizales influye significativamente en el almacenamiento de carbono terrestre.
La competencia entre plantas y descomponedores por nutrientes, mediada por hongos micorrizales, es un control fundamental del ciclo global del carbono.
Los rasgos funcionales de los hongos micorrícicos tienen implicaciones de ecosistema a escala global para el secuestro de carbono.

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