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Síntesis y polimerización dirigida por plantilla no enzimática de los nucleótidos 2'-amino-2'-deoxitreso de

J Craig Blain¹, Alonso Ricardo, Jack W Szostak

¹Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Molecular Biology and Center for Computational and Integrative Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|January 14, 2014

Resumen

Los investigadores sintetizaron el ácido nucleico 2'-amino-treosa (2'-NH2-TNA) y encontraron que su copia no enzimática de las plantillas de ARN, ADN y TNA era demasiado lenta. Este pobre rendimiento cinético puede explicar por qué el 2'-NH2-TNA no se utilizó como material genético en la vida temprana.

Área de la Ciencia:

Astrobiología y el Origen de la Vida Investigación de Investigación
Química sintética y biología molecular.

Sus antecedentes:

El ácido nucleico treosa (TNA) es un candidato para un material genético temprano.
Comprender las capacidades de TNA es crucial para las teorías del origen de la vida.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para sintetizar nucleósidos de TNA modificados por 2 "-amino (2 -NH2-TNA).
Para evaluar la capacidad de copia de la plantilla no enzimática de los nucleótidos 2 -NH2-TNA.

Principales métodos:

Nueva síntesis de nucleósidos de 2 -NH2-TNA timina y guanina a través de la cicloadición y la nucleosidación.
Activación del nucleótido de guanina 2 -NH2-TNA para la extensión de primeras no enzimáticas.
Análisis cinético de la adición de nucleótidos en plantillas de ARN, ADN y TNA.

Principales resultados:

Síntesis exitosa de 2 -NH2-TNA nucleósidos en 7 pasos.
Las constantes de velocidad de pseudo-primer orden medidas para la adición de nucleótidos: 1,5 horas (ARN), 0,97 horas (ADN), 0,57 horas (ATN).
Se observó una hidrólisis rápida del nucleótido activado (0.39 h(-1)) con copia limitada de la plantilla.

Conclusiones:

El 2 -NH2-TNA exhibe una cinética de copia de plantilla significativamente más lenta en comparación con los ribonucleótidos de aminoazúcar.
La pobre eficiencia de polimerización sugiere una razón por la cual el TNA puede no haber sido el material genético elegido.
Este estudio proporciona información sobre las limitaciones de los sistemas alternativos de ácido nucleico en la evolución temprana de la vida.

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