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Antiguos ambientes acuosos en el cráter Endeavour, Marte

R E Arvidson¹, S W Squyres, J F Bell

¹Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|January 25, 2014

Resumen

El rover Opportunity encontró evidencia de interacciones pasadas entre agua y roca en el cráter Endeavour, revelando entornos potencialmente habitables. Las rocas indican condiciones de pH ligeramente ácidas a neutras favorables para la vida temprana.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencias planetarias Ciencias planetarias.
Astrobiología Astrobiología.
Geología Geología Geología.

Sus antecedentes:

El borde del cráter Endeavour contiene rocas de edad noaica.
Las firmas espectrales orbitales sugieren la presencia de esmectitas ricas en hierro (Fe (((+3).

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la historia geológica y la alteración acuosa de las rocas en el borde del cráter Endeavour.
Evaluar la habitabilidad de los ambientes acuosos del pasado.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de la reflectancia espectral orbital.
Análisis de composición in situ de las fracturas de roca.
Cartografía geológica y análisis estratigráfico.

Principales resultados:

Identificó rocas de grano fino, en capas, con esferulas, cubiertas por brecias.
Se detectaron venas de sulfato de calcio que indican la circulación de fluidos después del impacto.
Evidencia de la formación de esmectita rica en Al a través de la lixiviación acuosa en las fracturas.
Interacciones de agua-roca pasadas inferidas en entornos de pH ligeramente ácido a circunneutral.

Conclusiones:

El borde del cráter Endeavour conserva evidencia de interacciones entre agua y roca antes y después de un evento de impacto significativo.
Estos antiguos ambientes acuosos eran potencialmente más propicios para la química prebiótica y la vida microbiana que los sitios más jóvenes y ricos en sulfatos.

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