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Un locus genético discreto confiere el metabolismo del xiloglucano en el intestino humano selecto Bacteroidetes
Johan Larsbrink1, Theresa E Rogers2, Glyn R Hemsworth3
11] Division of Glycoscience, School of Biotechnology, Royal Institute of Technology (KTH), AlbaNova University Centre, 106 91 Stockholm, Sweden [2].
Nature
|January 28, 2014
Resumen
Este estudio revela cómo el Bacteroides ovatus descompone los xiloglucanos (XyGs), un componente importante de la fibra dietética. Este descubrimiento aclara el microbioma intestinal.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología Microbiología.
- Ciencias de la Nutrición Ciencias de la Nutrición
- La bioquímica es la bioquímica.
Sus antecedentes:
- La fibra dietética, específicamente los polisacáridos no amiláceos como los xiloglucanos (XyGs), es crucial para la salud humana.
- El genoma humano carece de enzimas para digerir XyGs, dependiendo de los microbios intestinales para la extracción de energía.
- Los mecanismos de degradación de XyG y su importancia nutricional en el intestino humano siguen siendo en gran medida desconocidos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para dilucidar los mecanismos moleculares de la degradación del xiloglucano (XyG) por las bacterias intestinales.
- Para identificar la base genética para el catabolismo XyG en el simbionte colónico Bacteroides ovatus.
- Explorar la prevalencia y el papel ecológico de la utilización de XyG en el microbioma intestinal humano.
Principales métodos:
- Disrupción genética dirigida en Bacteroides ovatus.
- Análisis bioquímico de hidrolasas de glucósidos y proteínas de unión de carbohidratos.
- Determinación estructural tridimensional de enzimas clave, incluida la endoxiloglucanasa.
- Análisis bioinformático de los loci de utilización de XyG (XyGULs) a través de cepas bacterianas y metagenomas.
Principales resultados:
- Un solo locus genético en Bacteroides ovatus confiere el catabolismo XyG.
- Se revelaron mecanismos moleculares detallados para la hidrólisis de XyG a monosacáridos.
- Los loci de utilización de XyG ortólogos (XyGULs) fueron identificados como marcadores genéticos para el catabolismo de XyG en Bacteroidetes.
- Las XyGUL están presentes en cepas específicas y filogenéticamente diversas y son ubicuas en los metagenomas intestinales humanos.
Conclusiones:
- Bacteroides ovatus posee un sistema especializado para la degradación del xiloglucano (XyG).
- El metabolismo de las fibras dietéticas abundantes como XyG puede ser llevado a cabo por especies microbianas intestinales de nicho.
- Estos hallazgos tienen implicaciones significativas para la comprensión de la ecología del simbionte intestinal, la nutrición humana y la salud.
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