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Los científicos descubrieron la adquisición desencadenada por estímulo de células de pluripotencia (STAP), que reprograman las células somáticas sin modificación genética. Estas células pluripotentes únicas contribuyen tanto al tejido embrionario como al placentario, ofreciendo un nuevo potencial de desarrollo.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Biología celular Biología celular.
  • Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
  • Investigación con células madre.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La reprogramación de las células somáticas normalmente requiere transferencia nuclear o manipulación genética.
  • Las células madre embrionarias (CE) son un modelo clave para la pluripotencia, pero tienen limitaciones en su contribución al desarrollo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Para caracterizar el potencial de desarrollo de la adquisición de células de pluripotencia (STAP) desencadenada por estímulo.
  • Investigar las propiedades únicas de las células STAP en comparación con las células madre embrionarias y las células madre de trofoblastos.

Principales métodos:

  • Prueba de inyección de blastocisto para evaluar la contribución de las células STAP a los tejidos embrionarios y placentarios.
  • Cultivo celular in vitro con factores de crecimiento específicos (ACTH, LIF, Fgf4) para inducir la conversión del destino celular.
  • Análisis de la expresión del marcador trofoblástico y la formación de la quimera.

Principales resultados:

  • Las células STAP contribuyen tanto al tejido embrionario como al placentario, a diferencia de las células ES convencionales.
  • El cultivo con Fgf4 induce células madre derivadas de STAP con características trofoblásticas mejoradas y un potencial de desarrollo más amplio.
  • Las células STAP pueden convertirse en células tipo ES con tratamiento LIF, demostrando plasticidad.

Conclusiones:

  • Las células STAP representan un estado pluripotente único con distintas capacidades de desarrollo.
  • La plasticidad de las células STAP permite su conversión tanto en células tipo ES como en células tipo trofoblasto.
  • La reprogramación celular STAP ofrece una nueva vía para generar células pluripotentes sin manipulación genética.