Un barrido global sincronizado de los genes internos del virus moderno de la gripe aviar
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Michael Worobey1, Guan-Zhu Han1, Andrew Rambaut2
1Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
Nature
|February 18, 2014
Resumen
El análisis filogenético revela que los linajes de huéspedes del virus de la influenza A (IAV) evolucionan de forma independiente. Este hallazgo es crucial para comprender la aparición de enfermedades zoonóticas y rastrear el flujo viral entre huéspedes como aves y humanos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología Virología.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- La genómica es la genómica.
Sus antecedentes:
- Las enfermedades infecciosas zoonóticas, en particular el virus de la influenza A (VIA), representan riesgos significativos para la salud mundial.
- Los mecanismos evolutivos que impulsan el surgimiento de virus de ARN como el IAV siguen siendo incompletamente entendidos.
- La inferencia filogenética precisa es esencial para rastrear los orígenes virales y la dinámica de transmisión entre anfitriones.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la necesidad de tasas de evolución molecular independientes para diferentes linajes de huéspedes IAV en una inferencia filogenética confiable.
- Reevaluar la historia evolutiva de IAV y los linajes asociados al huésped utilizando un nuevo enfoque filogenético.
- Para aclarar los orígenes y vías evolutivas de las cepas significativas de IAV, incluidas las responsables de pandemias.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis filogenómico que incorpora un modelo de reloj local específico del huésped, permitiendo tasas evolutivas independientes a través de linajes.
- Comparación de los resultados con los métodos tradicionales, incluidos los modelos de reloj molecular "relajado".
- Reconstrucción de las historias evolutivas para todos los segmentos genómicos de IAV.
Principales resultados:
- El modelado explícito de tasas evolutivas independientes es crítico para una filogenética IAV precisa, al contrario de los modelos de reloj "relajados".
- El linaje equino H7N7 está filogenéticamente anidado con los linajes aviar, humano, porcino y equino H3N8, compartiendo un antepasado común a mediados y finales del siglo XIX.
- Los principales linajes de virus de la gripe aviar (AIV) de ambos hemisferios se unieron a fines del siglo XIX, lo que indica un barrido selectivo global de genes internos.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio proporciona un marco sólido para comprender la evolución de IAV y el flujo genético.
- Un barrido selectivo global de genes internos de AIV comenzó a fines del siglo XIX, influyendo en los linajes virales posteriores.
- Esta historia evolutiva implica linajes específicos de AIV en la aparición del virus pandémico de 1918 y la panzoótica equina H3N8 de 1963.
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