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Un circuito dedicado conecta las células ganglionares retinianas selectivas por dirección con la corteza visual

Alberto Cruz-Martín¹, Rana N El-Danaf¹, Fumitaka Osakada²

¹1] Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA [2] Neurobiology Section in the Division of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, California 92093, USA.

|February 28, 2014

Resumen

Los investigadores descubrieron un nuevo circuito cerebral que conecta las células ganglionares selectivas de dirección de la retina (DSGC) con la corteza visual primaria (V1). Esta vía transmite información de detección de movimiento, influyendo en la selectividad de las neuronas V1 para la dirección y la orientación.

Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
El sistema visual del sistema visual.
Procesamiento Sensorial Procesamiento Sensorial

Sus antecedentes:

Comprender cómo el cerebro procesa las características ambientales es crucial.
Las células ganglionares selectivas de dirección (DSGC) en la retina detectan ejes de movimiento específicos.
Las vías aguas abajo de los DSGC y su papel en el procesamiento visual siguen siendo en gran medida desconocidas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar los circuitos neuronales aguas abajo de las DSGCs de la retina.
Para determinar si la información selectiva de dirección se transmite a la corteza visual primaria (V1).
Esclarecer la contribución de las DSGC al procesamiento de la información visual en el cerebro.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó el mapeo del circuito trans-sináptico viral en ratones.
Empleó imágenes funcionales de señales de calcio impulsadas visualmente en los axones talamocorticales.
Investigó la conectividad entre las DSGC, el núcleo dorsal lateral geniculado (dLGN) y V1.1.

Principales resultados:

Se identificó un circuito di-sináptico desde los DSGC hasta las capas superficiales de V1.
Se demostró que este circuito agrupa las entradas de DSGC y converge en una subdivisión especializada de dLGN.
Se demostró que esta vía entrega señales de dirección y orientación sintonizadas a la V1 superficial, segregada de otras vías visuales.

Conclusiones:

El sistema visual del ratón posee vías retino-geniculo-corticales paralelas y especializadas.
Una vía distinta que se origina en los DSGC se dirige específicamente a la V1 superficial con información sintonizada por movimiento.
La activación de DSGC influye en la dirección y la selectividad de orientación en algunas neuronas V1.

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