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Estabilidad inusual de los electrolitos superconcentrados basados en acetonitrilo para baterías de iones de litio de
Yuki Yamada1, Keizo Furukawa, Keitaro Sodeyama
1Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo , Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|March 25, 2014
Resumen
Los investigadores mejoraron la estabilidad reductora de las soluciones superconcentradas de acetonitrilo (AN) para baterías avanzadas. Este avance permite la intercalación reversible de litio en AN, mejorando la cinética de reacción para una carga más rápida.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Electroquímica y Ciencia de los Materiales Ciencia de los Materiales.
- Tecnología Avanzada de Baterías Tecnológicas Avanzadas.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los electrolitos estables son cruciales para las baterías de iones de litio de alto voltaje y de la próxima generación (por ejemplo, Li-O2).
- Los electrolitos a base de acetonitrilo (AN) ofrecen una alta conductividad y estabilidad, pero sufren de una baja estabilidad reductora.
- Esta limitación dificulta la aplicación de electrolitos AN en sistemas de baterías exigentes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para mejorar la estabilidad reductora de los electrolitos a base de acetonitrilo (AN).
- Para permitir el uso de electrolitos de AN en aplicaciones avanzadas de baterías que requieren un alto rendimiento.
- Para demostrar la intercalación reversible del litio en un solvente de AN vulnerable a la reducción.
Principales métodos:
- Se han investigado soluciones superconcentradas de AN (concentración > 4 mol dm(-3)).
- Aplicó el electrolito AN superconcentrado en un sistema de baterías con un electrodo de grafito.
- Utilizó cálculos de primer principio y análisis espectroscópicos para comprender el comportamiento del electrolito.
Principales resultados:
- Logró una estabilidad reductora significativamente mejorada en soluciones superconcentradas de AN.
- Se demostró, por primera vez, la intercalación reversible del litio en grafito utilizando un electrolito basado en AN.
- Se observó una cinética de reacción mucho más rápida en comparación con los electrolitos comerciales convencionales.
Conclusiones:
- Las soluciones superconcentradas de AN exhiben una estabilidad reductora única debido a los caracteres orbitales de frontera modificados.
- La formación de una red polimérica fluida de aniones y cationes Li+ contribuye a una mayor estabilidad.
- Este avance abre nuevas posibilidades para el uso de electrolitos de AN en baterías de carga rápida y de alto voltaje.
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