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La dinámica de la acreción continental

L Moresi1, P G Betts2, M S Miller3

  • 11] School of Geosciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia [2] School of Mathematical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia [3] School of Earth Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.

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Los cinturones montañosos acrecionarios se forman en los márgenes convergentes de las placas. Los modelos tridimensionales revelan cómo evolucionan las zonas de subducción, formando sistemas orogénicos curvos y permitiendo el escape del arco posterior debido a la migración de trincheras.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Geología Geología Geología.
  • La tectónica es la tectónica.
  • La geodinámica es la geodinámica.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los orógenos acrecionarios, sitios de crecimiento continental, se forman en los márgenes convergentes de las placas donde las zonas de subducción consumen la corteza flotante.
  • Los ejemplos incluyen las Cordilleras de América del Norte, las zonas de subducción del Pacífico SW, Tasmanides y Altaïdes.
  • Los orógenos acrecionarios de larga vida experimentan extensión de la corteza y desarrollo de cuencas de arco trasero vinculadas al retroceso de la subducción.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Modelar la evolución de los márgenes de acreción desde la colisión inicial hasta la convergencia estable.
  • Investigar el desarrollo de la curvatura orogénica y el escape tectónico del arco trasero.
  • Comprender el papel de la migración de zanjas en sistemas orogénicos complejos.

Principales métodos:

  • Modelado dinámico tridimensional de la evolución del margen de la placa.
  • Análisis de la evidencia geológica y geofísica.

Principales resultados:

  • Los modelos demuestran la inestabilidad del margen seguido por el restablecimiento de un margen convergente estable.
  • Se ilustran la curvatura significativa del sistema orogénico y los mecanismos de escape del arco trasero.
  • El retroceso de las zanjas laterales, que migran paralelamente al límite de la placa, impulsa la complejidad del sistema.

Conclusiones:

  • La congestión de la zona de subducción por la corteza flotante conduce a la formación de orógenos acrecionarios y al crecimiento continental.
  • El retroceso y la migración de las zanjas son mecanismos clave para desarrollar sistemas orogénicos complejos y curvos y facilitar el escape del arco trasero.
  • Este proceso es un fenómeno recurrente y global, evidenciado en las Tasmanidas.