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Los herbívoros y los nutrientes controlan la diversidad de plantas de pastizales a través de la limitación de la luz

Elizabeth T Borer¹, Eric W Seabloom¹, Daniel S Gruner²

¹Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.

|March 28, 2014

Resumen

La adición de nutrientes reduce la diversidad de las plantas al limitar la luz. Sin embargo, el herbívoro puede contrarrestar esto aumentando la disponibilidad de luz, ayudando a restaurar la biodiversidad en los pastizales a nivel mundial.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología Ecología Ecología.
Cambio Global Biología Biología.
Dinámica de las comunidades vegetales.

Sus antecedentes:

Las actividades humanas, incluido el enriquecimiento de nutrientes y las poblaciones herbívoras alteradas, tienen un impacto significativo en la biodiversidad global.
La teoría ecológica sugiere efectos opuestos: la adición de nutrientes aumenta la competencia por la luz, lo que lleva a la pérdida de especies vegetales, mientras que los herbívoros mejoran la disponibilidad de luz, evitando la exclusión competitiva.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para probar si el aumento de la luz de los herbívoros puede compensar la pérdida de especies vegetales causada por la eutrofización.
Investigar los roles contrarrestantes de los nutrientes y los herbívoros en el control de la diversidad de plantas de pastizales.

Principales métodos:

Un experimento global con 40 sitios de pastizales en 6 continentes.
Adición manipulada de nutrientes y niveles herbívoros para evaluar los impactos en la diversidad vegetal y la disponibilidad de luz.

Principales resultados:

La adición de nutrientes disminuyó consistentemente la diversidad de plantas locales debido a la intensificación de la limitación de la luz.
El herbívoro rescató la diversidad de plantas en sitios donde efectivamente aumentó la luz a nivel del suelo.
Estos efectos fueron consistentes a través de la variación de la productividad del sitio, el nitrógeno del suelo, el tipo de herbívoro y el clima.

Conclusiones:

La adición de nutrientes y el herbívoro actúan como fuerzas contrarrestantes que regulan la diversidad de plantas de pastizales a través de la limitación de la luz.
El herbívoro puede mejorar la pérdida de especies impulsada por la eutrofización antropogénica en los pastizales al mejorar la disponibilidad de luz.

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