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Una nueva especie fósil apoya un origen temprano para la ecolocación de la ballena dentada
Jonathan H Geisler1, Matthew W Colbert2, James L Carew3
1Department of Anatomy, New York Institute of Technology College of Osteopathic Medicine, Northern Boulevard, Old Westbury, New York 11568, USA.
Nature
|March 28, 2014
Resumen
Un nuevo fósil de ballena, Cotylocara macei, sugiere que la ecolocación rudimentaria evolucionó en las primeras ballenas dentadas del Oligoceno (odontocetes). Esta adaptación surgió poco después de su separación de las ballenas que se alimentan de filtros, influyendo en la evolución del cráneo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Paleontología Paleontología.
- Biología Marina Biología Marina.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los odontocetos (ballenas dentadas, delfines, marsopas) usan la ecolocalización para la navegación y la caza en entornos acuáticos.
- Los orígenes evolutivos y el desarrollo anatómico de la ecolocalización en los odontocetos siguen siendo en gran medida desconocidos.
- La ecolocalización implica la producción de vocalizaciones de alta frecuencia moduladas por los senos nasales del aire y el melón.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la evolución temprana de la ecolocalización en las ballenas dentadas.
- Para analizar un fósil de odontoceto del Oligoceno recién descubierto, Cotylocara macei, en busca de evidencia de la ecolocación.
- Para inferir el momento y los precursores anatómicos de la ecolocalización.
Principales métodos:
- Descubrimiento y descripción de un nuevo odontocito fósil, Cotylocara macei, de Carolina del Sur.
- Análisis de las características craneales fósiles potencialmente relacionadas con la ecolocalización (rostrum, fosas de saco de aire, asimetría craneal, maxilares).
- Análisis filogenético para determinar la posición evolutiva del fósil dentro de Odontoceti.
Principales resultados:
- Cotylocara macei exhibe varias características que sugieren la ecolocalización, incluyendo una densa, rostro hacia abajo y la asimetría craneal.
- El análisis filogenético coloca a Cotylocara en un clado basal de los odontocetos.
- Estos hallazgos sugieren que la ecolocación rudimentaria evolucionó a principios del Oligoceno.
Conclusiones:
- Una forma rudimentaria de ecolocalización probablemente evolucionó en los odontocetos del Oligoceno temprano, poco después de su divergencia de los mysticetes.
- La evolución de la ecolocación se asoció con el agrandamiento de los músculos faciales y condujo a cambios convergentes en la morfología del cráneo.
- Cotylocara macei proporciona evidencia crucial para las primeras etapas de esta importante adaptación sensorial en las ballenas dentadas.
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