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Para el debate: una nueva ola en la mejora de la salud pública
Sally C Davies1, Eleanor Winpenny2, Sarah Ball2
1Office of the Chief Medical Officer, Department of Health, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|April 8, 2014
Resumen
La mejora de la salud de la población requiere un cambio social hacia comportamientos saludables, respaldados por entornos y políticas. Esto implica maximizar el valor de la salud, promover los valores predeterminados saludables y minimizar las influencias no saludables para abordar la carga de las enfermedades crónicas y las desigualdades de salud.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Promoción de la salud Promoción de la salud.
- Sociología de la Salud Sociología de la Salud.
Sus antecedentes:
- La creciente carga de enfermedades crónicas desafía a los sistemas de salud pública a nivel mundial.
- Las desigualdades persistentes en salud afectan desproporcionadamente a las poblaciones desfavorecidas, lo que lleva a una mayor multimorbilidad.
- Los enfoques existentes para mejorar la salud de la población requieren una reevaluación para abordar los desafíos actuales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar estrategias innovadoras para una nueva ola de mejora de la salud pública.
- Examinar el papel de un contexto social promotor de la salud en la mejora de la salud de la población.
- Identificar los mecanismos clave para fomentar una cultura que apoye comportamientos saludables.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis conceptual y síntesis de estrategias de mejora de la salud pública.
- Examen de la relación entre el contexto social y los resultados de salud de la población.
- Identificación y elaboración de tres mecanismos básicos para la promoción de la salud.
Principales resultados:
- La mejora de la salud de la población depende de un contexto social que normalice los comportamientos saludables.
- Un entorno - institucional, social y físico - que apoye mentalidades saludables es crucial.
- Se propusieron tres mecanismos principales: maximizar el valor y los incentivos para la salud, promover los valores por defecto saludables y minimizar las influencias no saludables.
Conclusiones:
- Lograr ganancias significativas en la salud de la población requiere un esfuerzo holístico y colaborativo entre diversas partes interesadas.
- Cambiar las normas sociales y los entornos es fundamental para combatir eficazmente las enfermedades crónicas y las disparidades de salud.
- La implementación de estrategias que incentiven las elecciones saludables y reduzcan la exposición a factores no saludables es clave para el éxito futuro de la salud pública.
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