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Las series temporales de ensamblaje revelan cambios en la biodiversidad, pero no una pérdida sistemática

Maria Dornelas¹, Nicholas J Gotelli, Brian McGill

¹Centre for Biological Diversity and Scottish Oceans Institute, School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, St. Andrews, Fife KY16 9TH, UK.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|April 19, 2014

Resumen

Los ecosistemas locales no están perdiendo la diversidad de especies como se esperaba. Sin embargo, su composición de especies está cambiando significativamente con el tiempo, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de que la conservación se centre en la dinámica de la comunidad.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología Ecología Ecología.
Biodiversidad Ciencia Ciencia de la biodiversidad.
Cambio ambiental El cambio ambiental.

Sus antecedentes:

La pérdida global de biodiversidad es una gran preocupación, pero la contribución de los cambios dentro de los ecosistemas locales sigue sin estar clara.
Comprender los cambios temporales en la diversidad de especies locales (diversidad α) y la composición de la comunidad (diversidad β) es crucial para evaluar las tendencias de la biodiversidad.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar cómo la diversidad de especies locales y la composición de la comunidad cambian con el tiempo en diversos biomas globales.
Para determinar si los conjuntos locales están experimentando una pérdida de diversidad de especies o cambios en la composición de especies.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de 100 datos de series temporales de varios biomas de la Tierra.
Cuantificación de la diversidad temporal α (cambio en la diversidad local) y la diversidad temporal β (cambio en la composición de la comunidad).
Comparación de los cambios observados con las predicciones de los modelos nulos.

Principales resultados:

No se detectó pérdida sistemática de la diversidad α en los ecosistemas estudiados.
La composición de la comunidad (diversidad β) mostró cambios significativos y sistemáticos a lo largo del tiempo, superando las expectativas del modelo nulo.
Los patrones observados sugieren factores complejos que influyen en la dinámica de la biodiversidad local.

Conclusiones:

Si bien la riqueza de especies locales puede no estar disminuyendo universalmente, se están produciendo cambios significativos en la composición de las especies.
Factores como el cambio ambiental, los cambios de rango de especies impulsados por el clima y la homogeneización biótica probablemente impulsen estos cambios de composición.
El monitoreo y la comprensión de los cambios en la composición de las especies son prioridades críticas de conservación.

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