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Los orígenes y la evolución funcional de los cromosomas Y en los mamíferos
Diego Cortez1, Ray Marin1, Deborah Toledo-Flores2
11] Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland [2] Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
Nature
|April 25, 2014
Resumen
El cromosoma Y es el cromosoma Y.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La genómica es la genómica.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- Determinación del sexo La determinación del sexo.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los cromosomas Y son cruciales para la determinación del sexo de los mamíferos, pero son difíciles de estudiar debido a las secuencias repetitivas.
- Comprender la evolución del cromosoma Y es clave para comprender los mecanismos de determinación del sexo en todas las especies.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la historia evolutiva de los cromosomas Y en los mamíferos utilizando técnicas avanzadas de secuenciación.
- Identificar los orígenes y las trayectorias evolutivas de los cromosomas sexuales en mamíferos y aves.
Principales métodos:
- Secuenciación de genoma y transcriptoma de alto rendimiento en 15 especies de mamíferos.
- Análisis genómico comparativo para rastrear la evolución del cromosoma Y e identificar genes determinantes del sexo.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron tres orígenes independientes de los cromosomas sexuales en mamíferos y aves.
- El cromosoma Y therian (que contiene SRY) se originó hace ~ 180 millones de años, distinto del cromosoma W aviar (hace ~ 140 millones de años).
- Los repertorios de genes Y / W son pequeños, enriquecidos en funciones reguladoras y se han mantenido estables después de la estratificación.
Conclusiones:
- La evolución de los cromosomas sexuales en mamíferos y aves implicó orígenes independientes y contenido genético conservado a pesar de los cambios funcionales.
- La conservación del gen del cromosoma Y probablemente esté impulsada por las restricciones de dosis y los mecanismos reguladores, con algunos genes que adquieren nuevas funciones específicas del testículo.
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