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Contribución de seis factores de riesgo para alcanzar el objetivo de reducción de la mortalidad por enfermedades no
Vasilis Kontis1, Colin D Mathers2, Jürgen Rehm3
1MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|May 7, 2014
Resumen
Alcanzar los objetivos de factores de riesgo de enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) puede reducir significativamente la mortalidad prematura para 2025. Los objetivos de control del tabaco más ambiciosos son cruciales para un mayor impacto, especialmente en los países de bajos ingresos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Salud Global La salud global.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los objetivos globales tienen como objetivo reducir la mortalidad prematura por cuatro enfermedades no transmisibles (ENT) importantes en un 25% para 2025.
- Existen objetivos acordados para los principales factores de riesgo de ENT, pero su impacto en la reducción de la mortalidad debe evaluarse.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Estimar la contribución del logro de seis objetivos de factores de riesgo de ENT hacia el objetivo global de reducción de la mortalidad 25×25.
- Evaluar el impacto de la consecución del objetivo de los factores de riesgo en la mortalidad prematura por enfermedades cardiovasculares, enfermedades respiratorias crónicas, cáncer y diabetes.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos a nivel de país sobre los factores de riesgo y las tendencias de mortalidad de los análisis sistemáticos.
- Empleado re-análisis y meta-análisis de estudios epidemiológicos para determinar los riesgos relativos.
- Teniendo en cuenta la multi-causalidad de las ENT y la acumulación gradual de los efectos de los cambios en los factores de riesgo.
Principales resultados:
- Alcanzar los objetivos de factores de riesgo podría disminuir la mortalidad prematura por ENT en un 22% en los hombres y un 19% en las mujeres para 2025.
- Esto evitaría o retrasaría más de 37 millones de muertes por ENT entre 2010 y 2025.
- La mayoría de los beneficios, incluidos 31 millones de muertes, se proyectan para los países de ingresos bajos y medios, reduciendo la desigualdad global.
Conclusiones:
- El cumplimiento de los objetivos acordados de factores de riesgo acercará la mortalidad prematura por ENT al objetivo de 25×25, con beneficios significativos en las naciones de bajos ingresos.
- Se recomienda un objetivo más ambicioso para la reducción del consumo de tabaco debido a los beneficios y la viabilidad sustanciales de la mortalidad.
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