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La actividad física y la variabilidad del ritmo cardíaco en adultos mayores: el Estudio de Salud Cardiovascular

Luisa Soares-Miranda¹, Jacob Sattelmair², Paulo Chaves²

¹From the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (L.S.-M., J.S., D.M.); Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure, Faculty of Sport, University of Porto, Portugal (L.S.-M.); Benjamin Leon Center for Geriatric Research and Education and Department of Medicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL (P.C.); Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (G.E.D., D.S.S.); Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, University of Washington, Seattle, WA (D.S.S.); Heart Rate Variability Laboratory, Cardiovascular Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO (P.K.S.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine and Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, and Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (D.M.). soaresmiranda@fade.up.pt.

|May 7, 2014

Resumen

La actividad física regular, incluida la caminata, en adultos mayores está relacionada con una mejor variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VRC) y la función autónoma, lo que podría reducir el riesgo cardíaco.

Área de la Ciencia:

Gerontología Gerontología.
Cardiología Cardiología.
Fisiología del ejercicio Fisiología del ejercicio

Sus antecedentes:

El envejecimiento se asocia con un aumento de la mortalidad cardíaca y la disfunción electrofisiológica.
La variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (HRV) refleja la función autónoma y está relacionada con el riesgo cardíaco.
La relación prospectiva entre la actividad física y la VRC en adultos mayores, incluidos los índices no lineales, no está bien establecida.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la asociación prospectiva entre la actividad física habitual y varias medidas de VHR en adultos mayores.
Determinar si el aumento de los niveles de actividad total de tiempo libre y el caminar están asociados con una mejora en el dominio del tiempo, el dominio de la frecuencia y los índices de VRC no lineales.

Principales métodos:

Estudio longitudinal de 985 adultos mayores de Estados Unidos del Estudio de Salud Cardiovascular.
Mediciones en serie de la actividad física y 24 horas Holter HRV durante 5 años.
Se aplicaron ajustes multivariables para analizar las asociaciones.

Principales resultados:

Una mayor actividad total de tiempo libre, distancia a pie y ritmo de caminata se asociaron prospectivamente con índices de VHR más favorables.
Específicamente, el aumento de la actividad se correlacionó con una mayor desviación estándar de los intervalos normales a normales y la potencia de frecuencia ultrabaja.
Un ritmo de caminata más alto estaba relacionado con un patrón de senos menos errático, indicado por un exponente de escala fractal más alto y una relación de Poincaré más baja.

Conclusiones:

La actividad física habitual, incluida la caminata, se asocia prospectivamente con una mejor función autónoma en adultos mayores.
Estos hallazgos sugieren fluctuaciones circadianas más normales y disparo sinoatrial menos errático.
La actividad física puede contribuir a reducir la mortalidad cardiovascular en la vida adulta.

Palabras clave:

electrofisiología electrofisiología.epidemiología de la epidemiología.Hacer ejercicio ejercitar ejercicio ejercitar ejercicio.La frecuencia cardíaca es el ritmo cardíaco.La actividad motora es la actividad motora.

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