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La neurogénesis del hipocampo regula el olvido durante la edad adulta y la infancia
Katherine G Akers1, Alonso Martinez-Canabal, Leonardo Restivo
1Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, M5G 1X8, Canada.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|May 10, 2014
Resumen
El crecimiento de nuevas neuronas en el hipocampo puede causar el olvido de la memoria. Reducir esta neurogénesis en los bebés puede prevenir la amnesia infantil, mientras que aumentarla puede causar pérdida de memoria.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Investigación de la memoria Investigación de la memoria.
- Neurociencia del desarrollo neurológico.
Sus antecedentes:
- La adición continua de nuevas neuronas (neurogénesis) ocurre en el giro dentado durante toda la vida.
- Los modelos computacionales sugieren que la neurogénesis remodela los circuitos del hipocampo, lo que podría conducir a la degradación de la memoria.
- La amnesia infantil, o el rápido olvido de los primeros recuerdos, está relacionada con altos niveles de neurogénesis del hipocampo durante la infancia.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el papel causal de la neurogénesis del hipocampo en el olvido de la memoria a través de diferentes etapas de la vida y especies.
- Para determinar si la manipulación de los niveles de neurogénesis puede inducir o mitigar la pérdida de memoria y la amnesia infantil.
Principales métodos:
- Aumentar o disminuir experimentalmente la neurogénesis del hipocampo en ratones adultos después de la formación de la memoria.
- Evaluar el impacto de la manipulación de la neurogénesis en el recuerdo de la memoria establecida.
- Comparando la retención de memoria en especies precoces (conejillos de indias, degus) con una neurogénesis postnatal naturalmente baja con ratones.
- Inducción de la neurogénesis en especies precoces para observar los efectos en la memoria.
Principales resultados:
- El aumento de la neurogénesis en ratones adultos después de la formación de la memoria fue suficiente para causar el olvido.
- La disminución de la neurogénesis en ratones infantes mitigó el olvido de la memoria.
- Los bebés conejillos de indias y degus, con baja neurogénesis postnatal, no mostraron olvido.
- El aumento de la neurogénesis en las especies precoces indujo amnesia infantil.
Conclusiones:
- La neurogénesis del hipocampo juega un papel directo en el olvido de los recuerdos establecidos.
- La manipulación de los niveles de neurogénesis puede controlar la persistencia de la memoria y la aparición de amnesia infantil.
- El nivel de neurogénesis hipocampal postnatal es un factor crítico en el desarrollo de la amnesia infantil.
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