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Elevación y sismicidad impulsada por el agotamiento de las aguas subterráneas en el centro de California
Colin B Amos1, Pascal Audet2, William C Hammond3
1Geology Department, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225-9080, USA.
Nature
|May 16, 2014
Resumen
Agotamiento de las aguas subterráneas en California.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
- Hidrología Hidrología Hidrología.
- La tectónica es la tectónica.
Sus antecedentes:
- El Valle de San Joaquín de California se enfrenta al agotamiento de las aguas subterráneas, causando el hundimiento de la tierra.
- La pérdida extensa de agua subterránea reduce significativamente la masa litosférica, lo que afecta la deformación de la corteza y la sismicidad.
- Estudios anteriores no han explorado completamente los impactos sísmicos y deformación del agotamiento de las aguas subterráneas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la relación entre el agotamiento de las aguas subterráneas y la deformación de la corteza en el Valle de San Joaquín.
- Analizar el impacto de la elevación inducida por la pérdida de agua subterránea en la sismicidad regional.
- Evaluar la contribución del agotamiento del agua subterránea a la elevación observada en la Sierra Nevada.
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó mediciones verticales del Sistema de Posicionamiento Global (GPS) para detectar la elevación de la roca.
- Se empleó un modelo elástico para correlacionar la elevación con las tasas de pérdida de almacenamiento de agua.
- Se analizaron las variaciones estacionales en las alturas de las cadenas montañosas y su relación con el estrés de falla.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó hasta 1-3 mm/año de elevación de roca alrededor del sur del Valle de San Joaquín.
- El levantamiento se correlaciona con el agotamiento del agua subterránea, coincidiendo con las predicciones del modelo elástico.
- El levantamiento estacional en las cadenas montañosas adyacentes influye en el estrés en la Falla de San Andrés.
Conclusiones:
- El agotamiento del agua subterránea es un factor importante de la deformación de la corteza en el Valle de San Joaquín.
- El levantamiento flexural debido a la pérdida de agua subterránea puede modular las tasas de sismicidad en fallas cercanas.
- El levantamiento observado en el sur de Sierra Nevada se atribuye en parte al agotamiento de las aguas subterráneas causado por el hombre.
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