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El genoma del ctenóforo y los orígenes evolutivos de los sistemas neuronales
Leonid L Moroz1, Kevin M Kocot2, Mathew R Citarella3
11] The Whitney Laboratory for Marine Bioscience, University of Florida, 9505 Ocean Shore Blvd, St Augustine, Florida 32080, USA [2] Department of Neuroscience & McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA [3] Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington 98250, USA.
Nature
|May 23, 2014
Resumen
Los ctenóforos, o medusas de peine, poseen sistemas nerviosos únicos y pueden representar el linaje animal más antiguo. Sus genomas revelan un contenido genético distinto, lo que sugiere una evolución independiente de los sistemas neuronales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La genómica es la genómica.
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- Zoología Zoología Zoología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los orígenes evolutivos de los complejos sistemas nerviosos animales son en gran parte desconocidos.
- Los ctenóforos poseen un sistema nervioso y músculos derivados del mesodermo, a diferencia de otros metazoos basales.
- Su biología única incluye una sofisticada locomoción, comportamiento y desarrollo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la ubicación evolutiva de Ctenophora dentro de Metazoa.
- Para analizar el contenido genómico y transcriptómico de los ctenóforos.
- Comprender la evolución independiente de los sistemas nervioso y muscular en los ctenóforos.
Principales métodos:
- Proyecto de secuenciación del genoma de Pleurobrachia bachei (gasolina de mar del Pacífico).
- Secuenciación del transcriptoma de diez especies adicionales de ctenóforos.
- Análisis genómico comparativo de familias de genes, incluidos los genes neurogénicos, inmunes y de desarrollo.
- Análisis de datos metabólicos y fisiológicos.
Principales resultados:
- Los genomas de ctenóforos muestran una notable distinción en el contenido de genes neurogénicos, inmunes y de desarrollo en comparación con otros animales.
- Los análisis integradores sugieren que Ctenophora puede ser el linaje divergente más antiguo dentro de Metazoa.
- La ausencia de genes HOX, la maquinaria canónica de microARN y el complemento inmune reducido apoyan esta hipótesis.
- Muchos genes bilaterales específicos de la neurona y los genes clásicos de la vía del neurotransmisor están ausentes o no se expresan neuronalmente en los ctenóforos.
Conclusiones:
- Ctenophora representa un linaje basal dentro de Metazoa, que potencialmente se ramificó antes del último antepasado común de otros animales.
- Los sistemas neuronales de los ctenóforos y posiblemente la especificación muscular evolucionaron independientemente de los de otros animales.
- La composición genómica y genética única de los ctenóforos proporciona información sobre la evolución temprana de los animales y los orígenes independientes de rasgos complejos.
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