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Cada recién nacido: progreso, prioridades y potencial más allá de la supervivencia.

Joy E Lawn1, Hannah Blencowe2, Shefali Oza2

  • 1Centre for Maternal Reproductive & Child Health, and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Saving Newborn Lives/Save the Children USA, Washington, DC, USA; Research and Evidence Division, Department for International Development, London, UK.

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Acelerar la salud de los recién nacidos requiere una acción urgente, dirigida a no más de 10 mortinatos y 10 muertes neonatales por cada 1000 nacimientos para 2035. Abordar el parto prematuro y el tamaño pequeño al nacer es crucial para la supervivencia y la salud futura.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Salud Global La salud global.
  • Medicina Neonatal La medicina neonatal es una especialidad de la medicina neonatal.
  • Política de salud pública Política de salud pública.

Sus antecedentes:

  • La reducción de la mortalidad neonatal está por detrás de la mortalidad materna e infantil, particularmente en África.
  • El nacimiento es el período de mayor riesgo, que representa más del 40% de las muertes maternas y neonatales anuales.
  • Las principales causas de muertes neonatales incluyen infecciones, complicaciones intraparto y nacimiento prematuro.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar las tendencias en la supervivencia neonatal desde 2005 e informar sobre el progreso después de 2015.
  • Proponer objetivos nacionales para los nacimientos muertos y la mortalidad neonatal para 2035 y 2030.
  • Para resaltar la importancia crítica de abordar los riesgos asociados con el parto prematuro y el pequeño tamaño al nacer.

Principales métodos:

  • Análisis de múltiples países de las tendencias de supervivencia neonatal.
  • Consultas con múltiples partes interesadas para informar el establecimiento de objetivos.
  • Revisión de las causas y factores de riesgo de mortalidad neonatal y muerte fetal.

Principales resultados:

  • Objetivos propuestos: ≤10 mortinatos por cada 1000 nacidos y ≤10 muertes neonatales por cada 1000 nacidos vivos para 2035.
  • El pequeño tamaño al nacer (preterm o SGA) es el principal factor de riesgo para más del 80% de las muertes neonatales.
  • Altas tasas de niños pequeños para la edad gestacional (SGA) en el sur de Asia y nacimientos prematuros en el África subsahariana.

Conclusiones:

  • Si no se mejoran los resultados de los nacimientos para 2035, se arriesgan millones de muertes y discapacidad a largo plazo.
  • Asegurar un comienzo saludable para los recién nacidos es esencial para el futuro capital humano y el desarrollo.
  • El recuento preciso de nacimientos y muertes, incluidos los nacidos muertos, es fundamental para las intervenciones efectivas.