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Sobre la psicología de la pobreza

Johannes Haushofer¹, Ernst Fehr²

¹Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 30 Wadsworth Street, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA. Program in Economics, History, and Politics, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. Department of Economics, University of Zürich, Blümlisalpstrasse 10, Zürich 8006, Switzerland. Department of Psychology and Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. joha@mit.edu ernst.fehr@econ.uzh.ch.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 24, 2014

Resumen

La pobreza causa estrés psicológico, lo que lleva a decisiones miopes que atrapan a las personas en un ciclo de dificultades económicas. Comprender este ciclo de retroalimentación es clave para desarrollar estrategias efectivas de alivio de la pobreza.

Área de la Ciencia:

Psicología Psicología Psicología.
Economía La economía es la economía.
Sociología Sociología Sociología.

Sus antecedentes:

La pobreza es un problema global persistente con mecanismos de perpetuación poco conocidos.
La investigación existente a menudo pasa por alto los impactos psicológicos de la pobreza.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la hipótesis de que la pobreza tiene consecuencias psicológicas.
Explorar cómo estos efectos psicológicos contribuyen a los comportamientos económicos que impiden el escape de la pobreza.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la evidencia existente sobre los efectos psicológicos de la pobreza.
Análisis del vínculo entre el estrés inducido por la pobreza y la toma de decisiones.

Principales resultados:

La pobreza induce estrés y emociones negativas.
Estos estados promueven la toma de decisiones miopes y contrarias al riesgo, limitando la atención y favoreciendo los hábitos sobre los objetivos.
Puede existir un bucle de retroalimentación, que perpetúa la pobreza.

Conclusiones:

Las consecuencias psicológicas de la pobreza pueden crear un ciclo que se perpetúa a sí mismo.
Identificó las brechas de conocimiento y propuso programas de alivio de la pobreza basados en este mecanismo.

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