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La cognición humana. Fundamentos del razonamiento humano en la corteza prefrontal

Maël Donoso¹, Anne G E Collins², Etienne Koechlin³

¹INSERM, Laboratoire de Neurosciences Cognitives (U960), 29 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France. Départment d'Etudes Cognitives (DEC), Ecole Normale Supérieure, 29 rue d'Ulm, 75005 Paris, France. Centre de Neuro-imagerie de Recherche (CENIR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|May 31, 2014

Resumen

La corteza prefrontal humana (PFC) utiliza dos vías de razonamiento paralelas para evaluar y seleccionar estrategias de comportamiento. Estas vías, que interactúan con el estriado, permiten la toma de decisiones adaptativas y la prueba de hipótesis para la aceptación o el rechazo de la estrategia.

Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
Ciencias Cognitivas Ciencias Cognitivas.
La neurociencia computacional es una neurociencia computacional.

Sus antecedentes:

La corteza prefrontal (CFP) es crucial para el razonamiento y el comportamiento adaptativo.
La arquitectura específica de los procesos de razonamiento dentro del PFC sigue siendo en gran medida no caracterizada.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para aclarar la organización arquitectónica del razonamiento dentro del PFC humano.
Identificar vías inferenciales distintas y sus roles en la selección y evaluación de estrategias.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó modelos computacionales para simular procesos de razonamiento.
Empleó técnicas de neuroimagen para observar la actividad cerebral durante las tareas de razonamiento.
Datos computacionales y de neuroimagen integrados para mapear la función PFC.

Principales resultados:

Identificó dos pistas inferenciales concurrentes dentro del PFC.
La pista 1 (PFC ventromedial a dorsomedial) evalúa la confiabilidad de la estrategia en curso y guía el ajuste frente a la exploración.
La pista 2 (PFC polar a lateral) evalúa estrategias alternativas, arbitrando entre la exploración y la explotación.

Conclusiones:

El PFC emplea procesamiento paralelo para la inferencia probabilística y el arbitraje de estrategias.
Las interacciones entre estas pistas de PFC y el estriado facilitan la prueba de hipótesis para la aceptación / rechazo de la estrategia.
Esta arquitectura de doble vía soporta un comportamiento flexible y adaptativo.

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