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Manejo de la hipertensión en Inglaterra: un estudio transversal en serie de 1994 a 2011
Emanuela Falaschetti1, Jennifer Mindell2, Craig Knott2
1Imperial Clinical Trials Unit, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
Lancet (London, England)
|June 3, 2014
Resumen
La gestión de la presión arterial en Inglaterra mejoró significativamente entre 1994 y 2011, con tasas de control casi duplicadas. Sin embargo, el control de la hipertensión en la población general sigue siendo una preocupación, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de seguir haciendo esfuerzos para controlar la presión arterial alta.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
- Medicina Cardiovascular La medicina cardiovascular es una especialidad de la salud.
Sus antecedentes:
- La hipertensión es un riesgo primario para la salud mundial.
- La gestión eficaz de la presión arterial es crucial para reducir la carga de la enfermedad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar los cambios en el manejo de la presión arterial en Inglaterra desde 1994 hasta 2011.
- Para evaluar las tendencias en la conciencia de la hipertensión, el tratamiento y las tasas de control.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio transversal en serie utilizando cinco conjuntos de datos de la Encuesta de Salud para Inglaterra (1994-2011).
- Muestras representativas a nivel nacional de adultos no institucionalizados (≥16 años).
- La hipertensión se define como SBP ≥140 mmHg, DBP ≥90 mmHg, o el tratamiento en curso.
Principales resultados:
- Los niveles medios de presión arterial mejoraron tanto en hombres como en mujeres.
- En los pacientes hipertensos tratados, la presión arterial disminuyó de 150.0/80.2 mmHg a 135.4/73.5 mmHg.
- Las tasas de control de la hipertensión entre los pacientes tratados casi se duplicaron del 33% al 63% entre 1994 y 2011.
- A pesar de las mejoras, sólo el 37% de todos los adultos con hipertensión tenían la presión arterial controlada en 2011.
Conclusiones:
- La mejora sistemática continua en el manejo de la hipertensión podría conducir a un control del 80% para 2022.
- Potencial para prevenir aproximadamente 50.000 eventos cardiovasculares mayores al año.
- El progreso sostenido es vital para los resultados de salud pública.
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