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Infección por VIH: epidemiología, patogénesis, tratamiento y prevención
Gary Maartens1, Connie Celum2, Sharon R Lewin3
1Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
Lancet (London, England)
|June 9, 2014
Resumen
Los avances en el tratamiento del VIH permiten vidas más largas, reduciendo las muertes por SIDA. Las nuevas estrategias de prevención como la circuncisión masculina y la profilaxis previa a la exposición son cruciales para la salud pública y el control de la epidemia.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Enfermedades infecciosas Enfermedades infecciosas.
- Inmunología Inmunología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La prevalencia mundial del VIH está aumentando debido al aumento de la longevidad en la terapia antirretroviral (TAR).
- Si bien las nuevas infecciones por VIH y las muertes relacionadas con el SIDA han disminuido, siguen existiendo desafíos significativos.
- Comprender la patogénesis del VIH, incluida la infección latente y la activación inmune, es fundamental.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para resumir las tendencias actuales en la epidemiología y el tratamiento del VIH / SIDA.
- Para resaltar los avances clave en las estrategias de prevención del VIH.
- Para subrayar la importancia de la investigación en curso para una posible cura y mejorar los resultados de los pacientes.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de las estadísticas mundiales de VIH/SIDA desde 2002-2012.
- Análisis del impacto de la terapia antirretroviral (TAR) en la longevidad y la mortalidad de los pacientes.
- Síntesis de los hallazgos de la investigación sobre la patogénesis del VIH y las intervenciones de prevención.
Principales resultados:
- La terapia antirretroviral ha prolongado la vida de las personas con VIH, contribuyendo al aumento de la prevalencia.
- Se han observado reducciones significativas en las nuevas infecciones y las muertes relacionadas con el SIDA.
- Los principales avances en prevención incluyen la circuncisión médica masculina, las intervenciones para prevenir la transmisión de madre a hijo y la profilaxis previa a la exposición.
Conclusiones:
- El progreso continuo en ART y la prevención es vital para el manejo de la epidemia de VIH.
- Investigaciones adicionales sobre los reservorios de infecciones latentes y la activación inmune pueden conducir a una cura.
- El desarrollo de nuevos métodos de prevención como vacunas y microbicidas sigue siendo una prioridad.
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