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Prevención y manejo de la diabetes tipo 2: componentes dietéticos y estrategias nutricionales
Sylvia H Ley1, Osama Hamdy2, Viswanathan Mohan3
1Department of Nutrition, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|June 10, 2014
Resumen
Los patrones dietéticos que enfatizan los alimentos integrales como frutas, verduras y granos enteros son clave para prevenir y controlar la diabetes tipo 2. Centrarse en la calidad de los alimentos sobre la cantidad mejora los niveles de azúcar y lípidos en la sangre.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de la Nutrición Ciencias de la Nutrición
- Endocrinología Endocrinología.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
Sus antecedentes:
- Una creciente evidencia destaca el papel de la dieta en la prevención y el manejo de la diabetes tipo 2.
- La calidad de los nutrientes, especialmente de las grasas y los carbohidratos, es más crítica que la cantidad de macronutrientes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar el impacto de los patrones dietéticos en el riesgo y el manejo de la diabetes tipo 2.
- Para enfatizar la importancia de la calidad general de la dieta en el cuidado de la diabetes.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de estudios prospectivos de observación y ensayos clínicos.
- Síntesis de la evidencia sobre varios patrones dietéticos (mediterráneo, bajo IG, bajo en carbohidratos, vegetariano).
Principales resultados:
- Las dietas ricas en granos enteros, frutas, verduras, legumbres y nueces reducen el riesgo de diabetes.
- Mejora del control glucémico y los lípidos sanguíneos observados con patrones dietéticos específicos.
- La calidad de la dieta es más impactante que la cantidad de macronutrientes para la diabetes.
Conclusiones:
- Los patrones dietéticos se pueden adaptar para la prevención y el manejo de la diabetes, teniendo en cuenta las preferencias personales y las necesidades calóricas.
- Se necesitan esfuerzos y políticas mundiales para abordar las disparidades en las recomendaciones nutricionales.
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