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Detección de exoplanetas. Un planeta terrestre en una órbita de ~1 UA alrededor de un miembro de un sistema binario

A Gould¹, A Udalski², I-G Shin²

¹Department of Astronomy, Ohio State University, 140 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|July 5, 2014

Resumen

Los astrónomos descubrieron un frío exoplaneta similar a la Tierra en un sistema estelar binario utilizando microlentes gravitacionales. Este hallazgo sugiere que los planetas en sistemas binarios son comunes y podrían refinar las teorías de formación de planetas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencia exoplanetaria Ciencia de los exoplanetas.
La astrofísica es la astrofísica.
El microlente gravitacional es un microlente gravitacional.

Sus antecedentes:

Los sistemas estelares binarios son comunes en la galaxia.
La detección de planetas en sistemas binarios presenta desafíos únicos.
Las búsquedas anteriores de exoplanetas se han centrado principalmente en sistemas de una sola estrella.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para detectar y caracterizar exoplanetas que orbitan alrededor de estrellas dentro de sistemas binarios.
Para evaluar la prevalencia de planetas en configuraciones de estrellas binarias.
Para explorar el potencial de microlentes gravitacionales para el descubrimiento de tales exoplanetas.

Principales métodos:

Utilizó la técnica de microlentes gravitacionales para detectar exoplanetas.
Se analizaron las variaciones de luz causadas por el efecto de lente gravitacional de la estrella anfitriona y su compañera.
Centrado en la identificación de planetas terrestres en órbita alrededor de un componente de una estrella binaria.

Principales resultados:

Se ha detectado con éxito un planeta terrestre frío y de baja masa (aproximadamente el doble de la masa de la Tierra).
El planeta orbita su estrella anfitriona a una distancia proyectada de ~0.8 UA.
La estrella anfitriona es una estrella de baja masa (0,10-0,15 masas solares) y baja luminosidad, lo que resulta en una temperatura del planeta por debajo de 60 Kelvin.
La estrella anfitriona es parte de un sistema binario con una separación proyectada de 10-15 UA de su compañera.

Conclusiones:

La detección de este planeta apoya la hipótesis de que los planetas en sistemas binarios son comunes.
Las modificaciones a las actuales estrategias de búsqueda de microlentes pueden mejorar la detección de planetas en sistemas binarios.
Detecciones adicionales ayudarán a restringir los modelos de formación y evolución de planetas en ambientes binarios.

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