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Las anhidrasas carbónicas, EPF2 y una nueva proteasa median el control de CO2 del desarrollo estomático

Cawas B Engineer¹, Majid Ghassemian², Jeffrey C Anderson³

¹Division of Biological Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.

|July 22, 2014

Resumen

Las plantas regulan el desarrollo estomático en respuesta al aumento del dióxido de carbono. Este estudio identifica las anhidrasas carbónicas (CA1, CA4) y una proteasa (CRSP) como represores clave del desarrollo estomático bajo un alto nivel de CO2.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología vegetal Biología vegetal
Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
Genética molecular genética molecular.

Sus antecedentes:

Las plantas regulan la densidad estomatal para equilibrar la absorción de CO2 y la pérdida de agua.
El aumento de los niveles de CO2 atmosférico generalmente disminuye la densidad estomatal.
Los mecanismos para la percepción de CO2 y la transducción de señales en el desarrollo estomático no se comprenden completamente.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar los mecanismos moleculares subyacentes al desarrollo estomático regulado por CO2.
Identificar genes y vías involucradas en la respuesta de la planta al CO2 elevado.
Caracterice el papel de las anidrasas carbónicas en este proceso.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de los mutantes dobles de la anidrasa carbónica de la Arabidopsis thaliana (ca1 y ca4).
Secuenciación de ARN (RNA-seq) para analizar cambios en la expresión génica.
Análisis proteómico de la pared celular para identificar las proteínas secretadas.

Principales resultados:

Los mutantes de Arabidopsis ca1 ca4 muestran un aumento en el desarrollo estomático a niveles elevados de CO2, invirtiendo la respuesta típica.
La expresión del FACTOR 2 de patrón epidérmico (EPF2) es inducida por el CO2 elevado en hojas de tipo silvestre pero no mutantes.
Se identificó una nueva proteasa extracelular inducida por CO2, CRSP (CO2 RESPONSE SECRETED PROTEASE), y se demostró que divide EPF2, reprimiendo el desarrollo estomático.

Conclusiones:

Las anidrasas carbónicas (CA1, CA4) y la proteasa secretada CRSP son cruciales para reprimir el desarrollo estomático bajo niveles elevados de CO2.
Una vía de señalización extracelular que involucra la escisión mediada por CRSP de EPF2 media la señal de CO2.
Esta investigación proporciona información sobre la adaptación de las plantas a las cambiantes condiciones atmosféricas y modula el intercambio de gases.

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