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Dependencia de PVT1 en cáncer con aumento del número de copias de MYC

Yuen-Yi Tseng¹, Branden S Moriarity², Wuming Gong³

¹Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Twin Cities, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.

|July 22, 2014

Resumen

La ganancia de la región 8q24.21, incluido el oncogén MYC y el ARN no codificante largo PVT1, promueve el cáncer. El ARN PVT1 es esencial para los altos niveles de proteína MYC, ofreciendo un nuevo objetivo terapéutico.

Área de la Ciencia:

Genética La genética.
Oncología Oncología.
Biología Molecular Biología Molecular

Sus antecedentes:

Las copias supernumerarias de la región cromosómica 8q24.21 son comunes en los cánceres humanos y están vinculadas a un mal pronóstico.
Esta región contiene el oncogén MYC y otros genes, incluyendo PVT1, CCDC26 y GSDMC.
Se desconoce si la baja ganancia de número de copias de estos genes impulsa el desarrollo del cáncer.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar el papel de las ganancias específicas de copia de genes dentro de la región 8q24.21 en el desarrollo del cáncer.
Determinar la relación funcional entre el ARN no codificante largo PVT1 y la proteína MYC en el cáncer.
Para identificar posibles objetivos terapéuticos basados en estas dependencias moleculares.

Principales métodos:

La ingeniería cromosómica en ratones para modelar las ganancias de copia de genes.
Análisis de la expresión de genes y proteínas en células cancerosas humanas y tumores.
Estudios funcionales que implican la ablación de genes en líneas celulares de cáncer.

Principales resultados:

Una sola copia supernumeraria de Myc o la región Pvt1/Ccdc26/Gsdmc por sí sola no promovió el cáncer en ratones.
Un solo segmento supernumerario que abarca Myc, Pvt1, Ccdc26 y Gsdmc promovió con éxito el cáncer.
Se requirió una larga expresión de ARN no codificante PVT1 para altos niveles de proteína MYC en células cancerosas humanas.
El número de copias de PVT1 fue co-aumentado en más del 98% de los cánceres de MYC-copy-increase.
La ablación de PVT1 redujo el potencial tumorigénico de una línea celular de cáncer de colon impulsada por MYC.

Conclusiones:

La ganancia conjunta de MYC y la región adyacente, incluida PVT1, es crucial para la promoción del cáncer.
Los altos niveles de proteína MYC en el cáncer dependen de la larga expresión de ARN no codificante PVT1.
El ARN no codificante largo PVT1 representa un objetivo terapéutico potencial para los cánceres con amplificación MYC.

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