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Interaction domains in cell signaling
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Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
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Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
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Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
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When a ligand binds to a cell-surface receptor, the receptor's intracellular domain changes shape, which may either activate its enzyme function or allow its binding to other molecules. The initial signal is amplified by most signal transduction pathways. This means that a single ligand molecule can activate multiple molecules of a downstream target. Proteins that relay a signal are most commonly phosphorylated at one or more sites, activating or inactivating the protein. Kinases catalyze...
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Hormones—or any molecule that binds to a receptor, known as a ligand—that are lipid-insoluble (water-soluble) are not able to diffuse across the cell membrane. In order to be able to affect a cell without entering it, these hormones bind to receptors on the cell membrane. When a first messenger, a hormone, binds to a receptor, a signal cascade is set off, causing second messengers, proteins inside the cell, to become activated, resulting in downstream effects.
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Las interacciones multivalentes regulan la transducción de la señal en un sensor Hg2+ autoensamblado.

Subhabrata Maiti1, Cristian Pezzato, Sergio Garcia Martin

  • 1Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova , Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|July 24, 2014
PubMed
Resumen

Este estudio introduce un nuevo sensor autoensamblado para la detección de iones de mercurio (Hg2+) a bajos niveles nanomolares. El sistema utiliza interacciones multivalentes para la transducción de señales sensibles y selectivas, lo que permite una respuesta de fluorescencia de "encendido".

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Sensores químicos de detección de sustancias químicas.
  • Nanotecnología La nanotecnología es la nanotecnología.
  • Interacciones Biomoleculares Las interacciones biomoleculares.

Sus antecedentes:

  • Los iones de mercurio (Hg2+) presentan riesgos ambientales y de salud significativos.
  • El desarrollo de métodos sensibles y selectivos de detección de Hg2+ es crucial.
  • Los métodos existentes a menudo carecen de eficiencia o requieren procedimientos complejos.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Desarrollar un sistema de detección autoensamblado para la detección de Hg2+ nanomolar bajo.
  • Para utilizar las interacciones multivalentes para la transducción de señales.
  • Para demostrar señales de salida sintonizables y formación compleja selectiva.

Principales métodos:

  • Diseño de un sistema de detección basado en interacciones multivalentes.
  • Utilizando ligandos de baja afinidad que se dimerizan al unirse el analito.
  • Empleando nanopartículas de oro protegidas por una sola capa (AuNPs) con superficies multivalentes.
  • Implementación de un mecanismo de apagado / no apagado de fluorescencia para la lectura de la señal.

Principales resultados:

  • El sistema detecta con éxito Hg2+ a bajas concentraciones nanomolares.
  • La dimerización inducida por el analito conduce a la formación de complejos de alta afinidad con AuNPs.
  • Se observa una señal de fluorescencia de "encender" al desplazarse un reportero apagado.
  • La intensidad de la señal es sintonizable mediante la modulación de las interacciones multivalentes.
  • Las interacciones multivalentes impulsan la auto-selección de complejos de alta afinidad.

Conclusiones:

  • Se presenta un nuevo sensor autoensamblado para la detección de Hg2+.
  • El sistema aprovecha las interacciones multivalentes para la transducción de señales sensible y selectiva.
  • Los hallazgos ofrecen una nueva plataforma para el desarrollo de sensores químicos avanzados.