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Un enfoque de empoderamiento comunitario para la respuesta al VIH entre las trabajadoras sexuales: efectividad,
Deanna Kerrigan1, Caitlin E Kennedy1, Ruth Morgan-Thomas2
1Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Lancet (London, England)
|July 26, 2014
Resumen
Los programas de empoderamiento comunitario reducen significativamente el VIH y las ITS entre las trabajadoras sexuales. Sin embargo, las barreras legales, sociales y de financiación impiden la implementación a gran escala de estas estrategias vitales de prevención del VIH.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Ciencias Sociales Ciencias Sociales.
- Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Se reconoce que el empoderamiento de la comunidad es crucial para abordar el VIH / ITS en las trabajadoras sexuales al abordar las barreras sociales y estructurales.
- A pesar de su reconocimiento, la implementación a gran escala de enfoques de empoderamiento comunitario para la prevención del VIH en las trabajadoras sexuales sigue siendo limitada.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar y analizar sistemáticamente la efectividad de los enfoques de empoderamiento comunitario en la prevención del VIH entre las trabajadoras sexuales.
- Identificar las barreras para la implementación y la ampliación de estas intervenciones dirigidas por la comunidad contra el VIH.
Principales métodos:
- Una revisión exhaustiva de los enfoques de empoderamiento comunitario para el VIH en las trabajadoras sexuales.
- Una revisión sistemática y un metanálisis de estudios de países de ingresos bajos y medios.
Principales resultados:
- Los enfoques de empoderamiento comunitario se asociaron con una reducción de las tasas de VIH / ITS y un mayor uso del condón entre las trabajadoras sexuales.
- Las barreras estructurales significativas, incluida la criminalización, el estigma, la violencia y los problemas de financiación, impiden la implementación y la ampliación del programa.
Conclusiones:
- El empoderamiento comunitario es efectivo para mejorar los resultados del VIH para las trabajadoras sexuales, pero se enfrenta a desafíos sustanciales de implementación.
- El fortalecimiento de la base de evidencia y la promoción de cambios en las políticas, incluido el reconocimiento del trabajo sexual como trabajo, son esenciales para un mayor apoyo y éxito.
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