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Prevención combinada del VIH para las trabajadoras sexuales: ¿cuáles son las pruebas?

Linda-Gail Bekker¹, Leigh Johnson², Frances Cowan³

¹The Desmond Tutu HIV Centre, University of Cape Town, Republic of South Africa.

Lancet (London, England)

|July 26, 2014

Resumen

La prevención efectiva del VIH para las trabajadoras sexuales implica una combinación de intervenciones biomédicas, conductuales y estructurales. Los programas dirigidos por la comunidad, como la distribución de condones, han reducido significativamente la incidencia del VIH, con nuevas reducciones posibles a través de nuevas estrategias biomédicas.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud Pública La salud pública.
Epidemiología La epidemiología.
Ciencias Sociales Ciencias Sociales.

Sus antecedentes:

Las trabajadoras sexuales en todo el mundo enfrentan impactos significativos de la epidemia de VIH.
El riesgo de VIH es multifactorial, influenciado por determinantes individuales, diádicos y a nivel de la comunidad.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar estrategias efectivas de prevención del VIH para las trabajadoras sexuales.
Para modelar el impacto potencial de las intervenciones en la incidencia del VIH en Sudáfrica.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura sobre los paquetes de prevención del VIH para las trabajadoras sexuales.
Modelado matemático de la dinámica de transmisión del VIH en Sudáfrica.

Principales resultados:

Los programas de promoción y distribución de condones redujeron la incidencia del VIH en las trabajadoras sexuales y clientes sudafricanos en más de un 70%.
La profilaxis oral previa a la exposición y los programas de prueba y tratamiento podrían reducir la incidencia hasta en un 40% en 10 años bajo escenarios optimistas.

Conclusiones:

Los paquetes integrados de prevención del VIH, que combinan intervenciones biomédicas, conductuales y estructurales, son cruciales.
Los enfoques dirigidos por la comunidad son esenciales para la prevención efectiva del VIH entre las trabajadoras sexuales en todo el mundo.

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