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Los intensos temblores y un evento de deslizamiento lento precedieron al terremoto de Iquique Mw 8.1 de 2014 en
S Ruiz1, M Metois2, A Fuenzalida3
1Departamento de Geofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile. sruiz@dgf.uchile.cl.
Science (New York, N.Y.)
|July 26, 2014
Resumen
El terremoto de Iquique de 2014 fue precedido por una migración de foreshock y un evento de deslizamiento lento. Estas actividades sísmicas ocurrieron en una brecha sísmica conocida, ofreciendo información sobre los precursores de los terremotos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de la Tierra Ciencias de la Tierra
- Sismología Sismología Sismología.
- La geofísica es la geofísica.
Sus antecedentes:
- La zona de subducción del norte de Chile es una brecha sísmica reconocida, con su última ruptura importante en 1877.
- El terremoto de Iquique de 2014 (Mw 8.1) rompió un segmento altamente acoplado de esta brecha sísmica.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para investigar la sismicidad y los mecanismos de foreshock que precedieron al terremoto de Iquique de 2014.
- Para analizar los datos de las series temporales del Sistema de Posicionamiento Global (GPS) para los patrones de deformación en tierra.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de las ubicaciones y mecanismos de choque previo.
- Cálculo y análisis de series de tiempo GPS continuas desde estaciones en tierra.
- Modelado de eventos de deslizamiento lento basado en datos de GPS.
Principales resultados:
- El aumento de la sismicidad en Iquique comenzó en enero de 2014, con varios eventos Mw > 6 después del 16 de marzo.
- Foreshocks migraron aproximadamente 50 km hacia el norte antes de la sacudida principal.
- Los datos de GPS en tierra revelaron un movimiento hacia el oeste el 16 de marzo, indicativo de un evento de deslizamiento lento en el área de choque principal.
Conclusiones:
- El terremoto de Iquique de 2014 fue precedido por una significativa actividad de foreshock y un evento de deslizamiento lento.
- Estos eventos precursores ocurrieron en una región identificada como una brecha sísmica, proporcionando datos valiosos para la investigación de predicción de terremotos.
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