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Defaunación en el Antropoceno

Rodolfo Dirzo¹, Hillary S Young², Mauro Galetti³

¹Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. rdirzo@stanford.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|July 26, 2014

Resumen

Las actividades humanas están causando una pérdida generalizada de biodiversidad, lo que lleva a disminuciones significativas en las poblaciones de animales y la abundancia. Esta "defaunación del Antropoceno" impacta los ecosistemas y el bienestar humano, impulsando el cambio ecológico global.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ecología Ecología Ecología.
Biología de la Conservación Biología de la Conservación.
Ciencias del medio ambiente Ciencias del medio ambiente.

Sus antecedentes:

Las actividades humanas están impulsando una crisis global de biodiversidad, caracterizada por la extinción de especies y la disminución de la población.
La pérdida de biodiversidad animal, denominada pérdida de biodiversidad animal.
Desfaunación del Antropoceno.
es un impulsor poco reconocido del cambio ambiental global.
Las disminuciones significativas en las poblaciones de vertebrados e invertebrados amenazan el funcionamiento del ecosistema y el bienestar humano.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para resaltar la naturaleza generalizada de la pérdida de biodiversidad animal.
Para subrayar las consecuencias ecológicas y sociales de la defaunación.
Identificar las brechas de conocimiento que obstaculizan los esfuerzos para predecir y mitigar la defaunación.

Principales métodos:

Análisis de los datos de extinción de los vertebrados terrestres desde 1500.
Evaluación de la disminución de la abundancia de la población tanto en vertebrados terrestres como en invertebrados.
Revisión de la literatura existente sobre los impactos de la defaunación.

Principales resultados:

322 especies de vertebrados terrestres se han extinguido desde 1500.
Las poblaciones restantes de vertebrados muestran una disminución promedio del 25% en la abundancia.
El 67% de las poblaciones de invertebrados monitoreadas muestran una disminución de la abundancia media del 45%.

Conclusiones:

La desaparición de la fauna es un componente crítico de la sexta extinción masiva del planeta.
La disminución de la población animal es uno de los principales impulsores del cambio ecológico global.
Abordar las brechas de conocimiento es crucial para predecir y limitar los impactos de la desactivación.

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