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Las alteraciones del microbioma intestinal humano en la cirrosis hepática
Nan Qin1, Fengling Yang2, Ang Li2
11] State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China [2] Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases, Zhejiang University, 310003 Hangzhou, China [3].
Nature
|August 1, 2014
Resumen
Este estudio revela alteraciones significativas del microbioma intestinal en pacientes con cirrosis hepática, identificando genes bacterianos específicos y sugiriendo la invasión de bacterias orales. Estos hallazgos permiten un diagnóstico preciso utilizando nuevos biomarcadores de la microbiota.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología Microbiología.
- Gastroenterología y Gastroenterología.
- La genómica es la genómica.
Sus antecedentes:
- La cirrosis hepática es una consecuencia grave de las enfermedades hepáticas crónicas en todo el mundo.
- Comprender el papel del microbioma intestinal en la cirrosis es crucial para el manejo de la enfermedad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para caracterizar la composición del microbioma intestinal en pacientes con cirrosis hepática.
- Identificar nuevos biomarcadores microbianos para el diagnóstico de la cirrosis hepática.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis comparativo de metagenómica de la microbiota intestinal en 98 pacientes con cirrosis hepática y 83 controles sanos.
- Construcción de un conjunto completo de genes específicos de cohorte.
- Desarrollo y validación de un índice de diagnóstico basado en biomarcadores identificados.
Principales resultados:
- Se estableció un conjunto de genes de referencia de 2,69 millones de genes, con un 36,1% de genes nuevos.
- Se identificaron 75.245 genes de abundancia diferencial entre pacientes y controles.
- El 54% de las especies enriquecidas por los pacientes se originaron en la boca, lo que indica una translocación oral-intestinal.
Conclusiones:
- La disbiosis del microbioma intestinal es un sello distintivo de la cirrosis hepática.
- Los biomarcadores dirigidos a la microbiota ofrecen una vía prometedora para el diagnóstico preciso y temprano de la enfermedad.
- Los biomarcadores identificados pueden diferenciar la cirrosis hepática de otras afecciones como la diabetes tipo 2 y la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal.
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