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Ácido tetranitroacetimídico: un oxidante de alto oxígeno y un posible sustituto del perclorato de amonio

Thao T Vo¹, Damon A Parrish, Jean'ne M Shreeve

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Idaho , Moscow, Idaho 83844-2343, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|August 9, 2014

Resumen

El ácido tetranitroacetimídico (TNAA) se muestra prometedor como un sustituto ecológico para el perclorato de amonio (AP) propulsores de cohetes. Su síntesis a partir de FOX-7 es eficiente, produciendo un compuesto con un rendimiento calculado superior en comparación con AP.

Área de la Ciencia:

Química verde es la química verde.
Química del propulsor Química del propulsor
Materiales energéticos Materiales energéticos.

Sus antecedentes:

El perclorato de amonio (AP) es un oxidante de propelente ampliamente utilizado, pero presenta riesgos ambientales.
La combustión de AP libera perclorato en las aguas subterráneas y genera ácido clorhídrico, lo que contribuye a la lluvia ácida y al agotamiento del ozono.
El desarrollo de alternativas ecológicamente benignas a AP es crucial para aplicaciones aeroespaciales y de defensa sostenibles.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para sintetizar y caracterizar el ácido tetranitroacetimídico (TNAA), un nuevo oxidante de alto contenido de oxígeno.
Evaluar el TNAA como un posible sustituto del perclorato de amonio en los propelentes.
Investigar la síntesis, las propiedades y la reactividad del TNAA.

Principales métodos:

Nitración en un solo paso de FOX-7 para sintetizar TNAA.
Caracterización completa de las propiedades químicas y físicas del TNAA.
Cálculo del impulso específico de TNAA y comparación con AP.

Principales resultados:

El TNAA fue sintetizado en alto rendimiento (>93%) a través de una fácil nitratación en un solo paso de FOX-7.
TNAA exhibe propiedades excepcionales, incluyendo un impulso específico calculado superior al de AP.
La síntesis, las propiedades y la reactividad química de TNAA se examinaron a fondo.

Conclusiones:

El ácido tetranitroacetimídico (TNAA) es una alternativa prometedora, de alto rendimiento y potencialmente más ecológica al perclorato de amonio.
La síntesis sencilla y el rendimiento calculado superior de TNAA resaltan su potencial para los propulsores de próxima generación.
Se justifica una mayor investigación sobre el comportamiento de combustión y la estabilidad a largo plazo del TNAA.

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