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Factores de riesgo y orígenes tempranos de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica
Dirkje S Postma1, Andrew Bush2, Maarten van den Berge1
1Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
Lancet (London, England)
|August 16, 2014
Resumen
Las exposiciones tempranas de la vida, no solo el tabaquismo, impactan significativamente en el desarrollo de la enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC). Comprender estos diversos factores de riesgo es crucial para el manejo de este trastorno pulmonar heterogéneo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina Pulmonar La medicina pulmonar es el tratamiento de las enfermedades pulmonares.
- Salud Ambiental Salud del medio ambiente.
- Pediatría del desarrollo Pediatría del desarrollo.
Sus antecedentes:
- La enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) es un importante problema de salud mundial, relacionado principalmente con el tabaquismo.
- Si bien clínicamente se manifiesta en la mediana edad, los orígenes de la EPOC se remontan a exposiciones tempranas en la vida.
- El diagnóstico actual de la EPOC se basa en gran medida en la función pulmonar, pasando por alto la heterogeneidad de la enfermedad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la evidencia sobre los factores de riesgo de la EPOC en los primeros años de vida.
- Explorar los factores de riesgo en diferentes etapas de la vida y los fenotipos de la EPOC.
- Para resaltar la heterogeneidad del desarrollo de la EPOC.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura de estudios sobre los factores de riesgo de EPOC.
- Análisis de la evidencia de los períodos prenatales y de la primera infancia.
- Examen de los factores de riesgo que contribuyen a los diferentes fenotipos de EPOC.
Principales resultados:
- Las exposiciones ambientales prenatales y de la primera infancia son importantes contribuyentes a la EPOC.
- Diferentes factores de riesgo influyen en diferentes fenotipos de EPOC.
- Los factores de la vida temprana inician un proceso de enfermedad que conduce a la manifestación clínica más adelante en la vida.
Conclusiones:
- El desarrollo de la EPOC es multifactorial, con influencias críticas en los primeros años de vida.
- Abordar los factores de riesgo en los primeros años de vida puede ofrecer nuevas vías para la prevención y el manejo de la EPOC.
- Reconocer la heterogeneidad de la EPOC es esencial para las intervenciones específicas.
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