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El parto prematuro: un síndrome, muchas causas

Roberto Romero¹, Sudhansu K Dey², Susan J Fisher³

¹Perinatology Research Branch, Program for Perinatal Research and Obstetrics, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, Wayne State University/the Detroit Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA. romeror@mail.nih.gov.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|August 16, 2014

Resumen

El nacimiento prematuro, una de las principales causas de mortalidad infantil, se debe a causas complejas como infecciones y problemas inmunológicos. El tratamiento con progestágeno ofrece esperanza para la prevención en embarazos de riesgo.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología de la reproducción Biología reproductiva.
Medicina materna y fetal.
Neonatología Neonatología.

Sus antecedentes:

El parto prematuro afecta al 5-18% de los embarazos, causando una significativa morbilidad y mortalidad infantil.
El parto prematuro espontáneo representa el 70% de los nacimientos prematuros, lo que presenta desafíos complejos en la prevención y el tratamiento.

Objetivo del estudio:

Resumir los conocimientos actuales sobre los mecanismos subyacentes al trabajo de parto prematuro.
Revisar los avances recientes en la comprensión de la infección intraamniótica, la senescencia decidual y el desglose de la tolerancia materno-fetal.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura y síntesis de la investigación existente sobre los mecanismos del trabajo de parto prematuro.
Análisis de los datos sobre la infección intraamniótica, la senescencia decidual y la tolerancia inmune.

Principales resultados:

Identificó los principales procesos patológicos que contribuyen al parto prematuro espontáneo.
Destacó el papel de la infección intraamniótica, la senescencia decidual y la tolerancia materno-fetal en el parto prematuro.

Conclusiones:

La terapia con progestágeno es prometedora para prevenir el parto prematuro en grupos específicos de pacientes.
Una mayor inversión en investigación es crucial para desentrañar las complejidades del parto prematuro y mejorar los resultados infantiles.

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