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Hidrología remota. El levantamiento inducido por la sequía en curso en el oeste de los Estados Unidos

Adrian Antal Borsa¹, Duncan Carr Agnew², Daniel R Cayan³

¹Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. aborsa@ucsd.edu.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|August 23, 2014

Resumen

Una sequía severa en el oeste de los Estados Unidos causó una elevación significativa de la tierra debido a la pérdida de masa de agua. Esta elevación, medida por GPS, indica importantes déficits hídricos que afectan a la región.

Área de la Ciencia:

La geofísica es la geofísica.
Hidrología Hidrología Hidrología.
Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima

Sus antecedentes:

El oeste de los Estados Unidos se ha enfrentado a condiciones de sequía severa desde 2013.
Se espera que la pérdida de masa de agua inducida por la sequía cause una respuesta medible de la tierra sólida, específicamente la elevación.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para cuantificar la elevación de la tierra sólida en respuesta a la pérdida de masa de agua en el oeste de los EE.UU..
Para estimar el déficit total de agua en la región utilizando mediciones geodésicas.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizaron datos de series temporales ajustados estacionalmente de las estaciones del Sistema de Posicionamiento Global (GPS) en funcionamiento continuo.
Aplicó técnicas de inversión a los datos de elevación derivados de GPS para estimar la pérdida de masa de agua.

Principales resultados:

Se observó una elevación mediana de 5 milímetros (mm), con elevación localizada de hasta 15 mm en las montañas de California.
Se estima una pérdida de masa de agua de hasta 50 centímetros (cm) de agua equivalente, consistente con la reducción de las precipitaciones y el flujo de las corrientes.
Cuantificó un déficit total de agua de aproximadamente 240 gigatoneladas, equivalente a una capa de agua de 10 cm en toda la región.

Conclusiones:

La elevación de la tierra sólida es un indicador directo de la pérdida significativa de masa de agua durante las sequías prolongadas.
El déficit de agua estimado tiene profundas implicaciones para la gestión de los recursos hídricos y la comprensión de los cambios hidrológicos regionales.

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