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La plasticidad del desarrollo y el origen de los tetrápodos
Emily M Standen1, Trina Y Du2, Hans C E Larsson2
1Biology Department, University of Ottawa, Gendron Hall, 30 Marie Curie Private, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada.
Nature
|August 28, 2014
Resumen
La plasticidad del desarrollo en el pez Polypterus, un pez de aletas de rayos basales, ofrece información sobre la evolución de los tetrápodos. Los cambios inducidos por el medio ambiente en Polypterus reflejan rasgos antiguos, lo que sugiere que la plasticidad ayudó a la terrestrización.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
- Paleontología Paleontología.
- Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
Sus antecedentes:
- El origen de los tetrápodos de los peces hace unos 400 millones de años involucró la locomoción terrestre y la evolución de las extremidades.
- Polypterus, un actinopterigio basal, exhibe rasgos plesiomórficos similares a los peces elpistostegidos (tetrápodos de tallo).
- Polypterus sirve como un análogo existente para el estudio de los tetrápodos del tallo y la plasticidad del desarrollo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo la plasticidad del desarrollo influye en el proceso de "terrestrialización" en los peces.
- Para examinar las respuestas anatómicas y biomecánicas de Polypterus criado en un entorno terrestre.
- Para comparar los fenotipos inducidos por el medio ambiente en Polypterus con los cambios anatómicos en tetrápodos del tallo.
Principales métodos:
- La cría de Polypterus en un entorno terrestre para medir la plasticidad del desarrollo.
- Evaluación de los cambios anatómicos y biomecánicos en Polypterus. criado en tierra.
- Comparando los fenotipos observados con la evidencia fósil de los tetrápodos del tallo.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una notable correspondencia entre los fenotipos inducidos por el medio ambiente de Polypterus terrestrializado y los antiguos cambios anatómicos en los tetrápodos del tallo.
- Conocimientos obtenidos sobre la evolución del comportamiento de los tetrápodos del tallo.
- Plasticidad fenotípica demostrada en la adaptación de Polypterus a la tierra.
Conclusiones:
- La plasticidad del desarrollo inducida por el medio ambiente en los peces puede haber facilitado el origen de rasgos terrestres que conducen a los tetrápodos.
- El Polypterus sirve como un modelo valioso para comprender la transición de la vida acuática a la terrestre.
- La plasticidad ofrece un mecanismo potencial para la innovación evolutiva durante las grandes transiciones.
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