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La carga de múltiples partículas que interactúan mediante la electrificación por contacto
Siowling Soh1, Helena Liu, Rebecca Cademartiri
1Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , 12 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States.
Journal of the American Chemical Society
|August 30, 2014
Resumen
La electrificación por contacto en materiales granulares es compleja. Este estudio identificó tres mecanismos clave: la carga de contacto del material, la descarga de la misma polaridad a la atmósfera y la influencia de carga de largo alcance entre partículas no en contacto.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Física Física es la física de las cosas.
- Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
- Tribología Tribología.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los sistemas de partículas desordenadas son comunes en los procesos industriales y naturales.
- La electrificación por contacto entre las partículas es un fenómeno crítico, pero poco comprendido.
- El movimiento complejo de las partículas e interacciones dificultan el estudio de los mecanismos de carga.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los mecanismos fundamentales de la electrificación por contacto en sistemas granulares agitados.
- Para aclarar los factores que influyen en la carga de estado estacionario de las partículas individuales.
- Para diferenciar entre varios procesos de carga y descarga.
Principales métodos:
- Se diseñó un sistema personalizado utilizando cuentas poliméricas de tamaño milimétrico de diferentes materiales.
- Las cuentas se agitaron en un plato casi lleno para permitir colisiones pero limitar el intercambio posicional.
- La carga individual de las cuentas se midió después de la agitación después de variaciones sistemáticas en la composición y disposición de las cuentas.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron tres mecanismos primarios que rigen la carga de cuentas de estado estacionario.
- Electrificación de contacto: La carga se produce entre cuentas de diferentes materiales.
- Deselectrificación de contacto: La descarga a la atmósfera reduce la carga de las cuentas de la misma polaridad.
- Influencia de largo alcance: Transferencia de carga observada entre cuentas no en contacto de la misma polaridad.
Conclusiones:
- La carga de estado estacionario de los materiales granulares agitados está determinada por una combinación de factores.
- Comprender estos mecanismos es crucial para controlar los fenómenos electrostáticos en polvos y flujos granulares.
- Se justifica una mayor investigación sobre la difusión de carga entre partículas que no entran en contacto.
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