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El genoma de Gibbon y la rápida evolución del cariotipo de los pequeños simios

Lucia Carbone¹, R Alan Harris², Sante Gnerre³

¹1] Oregon Health &Science University, Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road Portland, Oregon 97239, USA. [2] Oregon National Primate Research Center, Division of Neuroscience, 505 NW 185th Avenue, Beaverton, Oregon 97006, USA. [3] Oregon Health &Science University, Department of Molecular &Medical Genetics, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA. [4] Oregon Health &Science University, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Division, Department of Medical Informatics &Clinical Epidemiology, 3181 SW Sam Jackson Park Road, Portland, Oregon 97239, USA.

|September 12, 2014

Resumen

Los gibones exhiben una rápida evolución del genoma, impulsada por retrotransposones únicos que afectan la transcripción génica. Esta plasticidad genómica puede explicar su rápida radiación y adaptaciones arbóreas.

Área de la Ciencia:

La genómica es la genómica.
Biología evolutiva Biología evolutiva.
La filogenia de los primates es

Sus antecedentes:

Los gibones son pequeños simios arbóreos conocidos por su rápida evolución cromosómica.
Representan un vínculo crucial entre los monos del Viejo Mundo y los grandes simios en la evolución de los primates.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para ensamblar y analizar el genoma del gibón de mejillas blancas del norte (Nomascus leucogenys).
Para investigar los mecanismos moleculares detrás de la plasticidad del genoma del gibón y la rápida radiación evolutiva.
Identificar genes bajo selección positiva relacionados con la adaptación del gibón.

Principales métodos:

Ensamblaje del genoma y análisis de Nomascus leucogenys.
Identificación y caracterización de los retrotransposones específicos del gibón (LAVA).
Análisis filogenético de la radiación de las generaciones de gibones.
Genómica comparativa para detectar firmas de selección positiva.

Principales resultados:

El retrotransposón específico del gibón LAVA se inserta en los genes de segregación cromosómica, alterando potencialmente la transcripción.
Los géneros Gibbon sufrieron un rápido evento de radiación hace aproximadamente 5 millones de años.
Se encontraron firmas de selección positiva en genes relacionados con el desarrollo de las extremidades anteriores (TBX5) y los tejidos conectivos (COL1A1).

Conclusiones:

Las retrotransposones LAVA pueden contribuir a la plasticidad del genoma del gibón.
Los cambios ambientales en el sudeste asiático probablemente influyeron en la radiación del gibón.
Los genes seleccionados sugieren adaptaciones para la locomoción arbórea y el estilo de vida en los gibones.

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