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Un programa dual para la regulación de la traducción en la proliferación celular y la diferenciación

Hila Gingold¹, Disa Tehler², Nanna R Christoffersen²

¹Department of Molecular Genetics, The Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel.

|September 13, 2014

Resumen

Dos subconjuntos distintos de ARN de transferencia (ARNt) regulan la proliferación y la diferenciación celular. Estos subconjuntos de ARNt se coordinan con la expresión génica, lo que sugiere distintos programas de transcripción para las funciones celulares autónomas y multicelulares.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
Biología celular Biología celular.
Genética La genética.

Sus antecedentes:

Las células metazoares se enfrentan a una elección fundamental entre la proliferación y la diferenciación.
Los ARN de transferencia (ARNt) son cruciales para la síntesis de proteínas y pueden influir en la expresión génica.
Distintos estados celulares pueden implicar mecanismos reguladores únicos para el tRNA y la expresión génica.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la relación entre los grupos de ARNt y los estados celulares (proliferación frente a diferenciación).
Para identificar patrones distintos de uso de codones en genes asociados con funciones celulares autónomas y multicelularidad.
Explorar la coordinación entre el suministro de tRNA y la transcripción génica durante estos procesos celulares.

Principales métodos:

Medición de los grupos de tRNA en varios tipos de células.
Análisis del uso de codones en genes relacionados con las funciones celulares autónomas y la multicelularidad.
Examen de las modificaciones histónicas cerca de los genes de ARNt y sus genes diana.

Principales resultados:

Se identificaron dos subconjuntos distintos de ARNt: uno inducido en células proliferantes, el otro en células diferenciadas.
Se encontró que los genes celulares autónomos y los genes de la multicelularidad exhiben codones distintos.
Se observaron cambios coordinados en las modificaciones de histonas cerca de los genes de ARNt y sus genes diana correspondientes, lo que sugiere una regulación transcripcional.
Los tRNA inducidos por la proliferación coinciden con los codones enriquecidos en genes celulares autónomos; los tRNA inducidos por la diferenciación coinciden con los codones enriquecidos en genes de multicelularidad.

Conclusiones:

Existen dos programas de traducción distintos, que operan durante la proliferación y la diferenciación.
Los programas de transcripción coordinan el suministro de tRNA con la demanda dictada por los patrones de expresión génica.
Esta coordinación sugiere un mecanismo regulador que vincula las decisiones del destino celular con el control traslacional.

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