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La agresión letal en Pan se explica mejor por estrategias adaptativas que por impactos humanos
Michael L Wilson1, Christophe Boesch2, Barbara Fruth3
11] Department of Anthropology, University of Minnesota, 395 Humphrey Center, 301 19th Avenue South, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA [2] Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, 1987 Upper Buford Circle, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
Nature
|September 19, 2014
Resumen
Los chimpancés machos con frecuencia se involucran en la violencia letal, a menudo en ataques intercomunitarios, apoyando estrategias adaptativas en lugar del impacto humano como causa de este comportamiento.
Área de la Ciencia:
- El comportamiento de los primates.
- Etología Etología Etología.
- La Antropología Antropología Antropología.
Sus antecedentes:
- La matanza conspecífica en chimpancés (Pan troglodytes) y bonobos (Pan paniscus) es un área importante de estudio.
- Dos hipótesis principales explican la violencia letal: estrategias adaptativas para obtener beneficios físicos o resultados no adaptativos de los impactos humanos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Diferenciar entre las hipótesis de impacto adaptativo y humano para la matanza conspecífica.
- Para analizar patrones de violencia letal en chimpancés y bonobos utilizando datos a largo plazo.
Principales métodos:
- Datos recopilados de 18 comunidades de chimpancés y 4 comunidades de bonobos durante cinco décadas.
- Incluidas las muertes observadas, inferidas y sospechosas (n=152 en chimpancés, 1 en bonobos).
- Se analizaron los datos demográficos del atacante/víctima, los tipos de ataque y las proporciones, correlacionándose con las medidas de impacto humano.
Principales resultados:
- Los varones fueron los atacantes predominantes (92%) y las víctimas (73%).
- La mayoría de los asesinatos (66%) fueron ataques intercomunitarios con una alta proporción de atacante/víctima (mediana de 8:1).
- Las tasas de muerte no mostraron correlación con los indicadores de impacto humano.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos apoyan explicaciones adaptativas para la matanza de chimpancés, como la adquisición de recursos o pareja.
- La hipótesis de que los impactos humanos impulsan la matanza conspecífica no está respaldada por los datos.
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