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Cambio climático: desafíos y oportunidades para la salud global
Jonathan A Patz1, Howard Frumkin2, Tracey Holloway3
1Global Health Institute, Madison, Wisconsin2Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies, University of Wisconsin, Madison 3Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison.
JAMA
|September 23, 2014
Resumen
El cambio climático plantea riesgos significativos para la salud, incluidos trastornos por calor y enfermedades infecciosas. Los esfuerzos de mitigación ofrecen importantes beneficios colaterales para la salud y la economía, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad de la acción climática.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias ambientales Ciencias ambientales.
- Salud Pública La salud pública.
- Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima Ciencias del clima
Sus antecedentes:
- El cambio climático está inextricablemente relacionado con la salud humana.
- Los médicos deben entender esta relación para asesorar a los pacientes e informar a las políticas.
- La salud pública se ve cada vez más afectada por los cambios climáticos globales.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Presentar nuevas proyecciones de temperatura basadas en los Estados Unidos utilizando modelos climáticos reducidos.
- Revisar estudios recientes sobre los riesgos para la salud relacionados con el cambio climático.
- Examinar los beneficios colaterales de la mitigación de las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero.
Principales métodos:
- Buscado PubMed y Google Scholar (2009-2014) para el cambio climático y la literatura de salud.
- Se analizaron datos climáticos de 13 modelos para las proyecciones de temperatura (2046-2065).
- Comparado el máximo diario de ozono promedio de 8 horas con los datos históricos de temperatura.
Principales resultados:
- Las ciudades estadounidenses podrían enfrentar días de calor extremo más frecuentes para 2050.
- Las altas temperaturas se correlacionan con un aumento de los días de exceso de ozono.
- Los resultados adversos para la salud incluyen trastornos por calor, problemas respiratorios, enfermedades infecciosas, inseguridad alimentaria e impactos en la salud mental.
Conclusiones:
- Más de 20 años de evidencia vinculan el cambio climático con resultados adversos para la salud.
- Los profesionales de la salud juegan un papel crucial en la comunicación de estos riesgos.
- Las políticas que reducen las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero ofrecen importantes beneficios colaterales para la salud y la economía.
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