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Nanocatalizador superior a Pt para reacciones de reducción de oxígeno: el caso de las nanopartículas de núcleo/capa

Shaojun Guo¹, Xu Zhang, Wenlei Zhu

¹Department of Chemistry, Brown University , Providence, Rhode Island 02912, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society

|October 4, 2014

Resumen

Las nanopartículas de núcleo / cáscara de plata y oro muestran una mayor actividad catalítica para las reacciones de reducción de oxígeno, superando al platino. Estos nuevos catalizadores ofrecen una alternativa prometedora sin platino para aplicaciones de celdas de combustible.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencia de los materiales Ciencia de los materiales.
La electroquímica es electroquímica.
Nanotecnología La nanotecnología es la nanotecnología.

Sus antecedentes:

La optimización de los catalizadores de nanopartículas implica el control de la estructura electrónica y la tensión superficial.
Los catalizadores a base de platino son estándar para las reacciones de reducción de oxígeno, pero son caros.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para diseñar y sintetizar nuevos catalizadores de nanopartículas de núcleo / cáscara M / CuPd (M = Ag, Au).
Para evaluar su eficiencia en la catalización de reacciones de reducción de oxígeno en comparación con el platino.

Principales métodos:

Cálculos de la teoría funcional de la densidad (DFT) para la predicción teórica.
Síntesis de las nanopartículas monodispersas M/CuPd a través de la correducción.
Evaluación electrocatalítica de las reacciones de reducción de oxígeno en 0,1 M KOH.

Principales resultados:

DFT predijo la tensión superficial óptima y la composición para M/CuPd NPs.
Nanopartículas sintetizadas de Ag/CuPd y Au/CuPd con espesores y composiciones de caparazón controlados.
Los catalizadores Ag/Cu37Pd63 y Au/Cu40Pd60 exhibieron una actividad de masa más de 3 veces mayor que los catalizadores Pt comerciales.

Conclusiones:

Las nanopartículas M/CuPd de núcleo/capa muestran un rendimiento catalítico superior para las reacciones de reducción de oxígeno.
Estas nanopartículas representan alternativas no platino prometedoras para la electrocatálisis.
Adaptar la composición de las nanopartículas y el grosor de la cáscara es clave para mejorar la eficiencia catalítica.

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