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Las calcispongas tienen un gen ParaHox y una expresión dinámica de genes homeobox NK dispersos

Sofia A V Fortunato¹, Marcin Adamski², Olivia Mendivil Ramos³

¹1] Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5008 Bergen, Norway [2] Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Thormøhlensgate 55, 5008 Bergen, Norway.

|October 31, 2014

Resumen

Los genes ParaHox, cruciales para el desarrollo animal, existían antes de que evolucionaran las esponjas, lo que desafía las teorías anteriores. El análisis de esponjas calcáreas confirma la "hipótesis del locus fantasma" para la evolución de los genes.

Área de la Ciencia:

Biología del desarrollo Biología del desarrollo.
Genética evolutiva La genética evolutiva.
Zoología Zoología Zoología.

Sus antecedentes:

Las esponjas poseen diversos factores de transcripción del desarrollo, incluidos los genes homeobox de la clase Antennapedia (ANTP).
Los animales bilaterales tienen genes Hox, ParaHox y NK dentro de la clase ANTP; los genomas de las demospongas carecen de Hox/ParaHox pero muestran agrupación de genes NK.
Las hipótesis anteriores sugirieron que los genes Hox / ParaHox evolucionaron de los genes NK después de la divergencia de la esponja o se perdieron secundariamente en algunas esponjas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para investigar la historia evolutiva de los genes homeobox de la clase ANTP en esponjas calcáreas.
Para probar la "hipótesis del locus fantasma" con respecto al origen de los genes Hox y ParaHox.
Comprender la composición ancestral de los genomas animales y la evolución temprana de los animales.

Principales métodos:

Análisis filogenético de genes homeobox de la clase ANTP de esponjas calcáreas (Sycon ciliatum, Leucosolenia complicata).
Genómica comparativa y análisis de síntesis.
Perfiles de expresión del desarrollo de genes de la clase ANTP en Sycon ciliatum.

Principales resultados:

Las esponjas calcáreas poseen ortólogos de los genes NK bilaterales (Hex, Hmx, Msx) y un gen ParaHox (Cdx).
No se encontró evidencia de agrupación de genes NK en Sycon, a diferencia de los bilaterales.
Todos los genes de clase ANTP analizados en Sycon se expresan en el desarrollo, lo que sugiere roles en la especificación y el patrón celular.

Conclusiones:

Los genes ParaHox son anteriores al origen de las esponjas, apoyando la "hipótesis del locus fantasma" de la pérdida secundaria.
El estudio de múltiples linajes de esponjas es esencial para reconstruir el genoma animal ancestral.
Los genes de la clase ANTP juegan un papel fundamental en el desarrollo temprano de los animales y en la formación del plan corporal.

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