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La representación neural de la calidad del gusto en la periferia
Robert P J Barretto1, Sarah Gillis-Smith1, Jayaram Chandrashekar2
1Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Departments of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics and of Neuroscience, Columbia College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York 10032, USA.
Nature
|November 11, 2014
Resumen
Las células receptoras del gusto dedicadas (TRC) en los mamíferos transmiten la información del gusto al cerebro. Este estudio revela vías neuronales específicas y la transferencia precisa de la información del gusto de la lengua a las neuronas del sistema nervioso central.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia es la neurociencia.
- Biología Sensorial Biología Sensorial
- Investigación de la Gustatividad.
Sus antecedentes:
- La percepción del gusto de los mamíferos incluye cinco sabores básicos: dulce, agrio, amargo, salado y umami.
- Las células receptoras del gusto (TRC) en la lengua detectan sabores específicos.
- La comprensión de las vías neuronales para la información del gusto es crucial para la investigación del sistema gustativo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo las células receptoras del gusto (TRC) transmiten la información del gusto a los centros neuronales superiores.
- Examinar las propiedades de sintonización de las neuronas en la estación neural inicial del sistema gustativo.
- Mapear la especificidad de la transferencia de información gustativa desde el sistema nervioso periférico al sistema nervioso central.
Principales métodos:
- Se generaron ratones transgénicos que expresan un indicador de calcio genéticamente codificado en las neuronas.
- Se utilizó la microendoscopia del índice de refracción del gradiente y la microscopia de dos fotones.
- Respuestas gustativas imaginadas de las neuronas ganglionares en la base del cerebro.
Principales resultados:
- Se ha demostrado una fina selectividad en las preferencias gustativas de las neuronas ganglionares.
- Se confirmó una fuerte coincidencia entre los TRC de la lengua y los principales aferentes neuronales.
- Expuso una transferencia de información gustativa altamente específica entre las células gustativas y el sistema nervioso central.
Conclusiones:
- La información del gusto se transmite con alta especificidad desde las células receptoras del gusto periféricas a las neuronas centrales.
- El sistema gustativo exhibe una arquitectura neural precisa y dedicada a la percepción del gusto.
- Este estudio proporciona información sobre la codificación neuronal del gusto en los mamíferos.
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