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Resolver la complejidad del genoma humano utilizando la secuenciación de una sola molécula.
Mark J P Chaisson1, John Huddleston2, Megan Y Dennis1
1Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA.
Nature
|November 11, 2014
Resumen
La nueva tecnología de secuenciación resuelve las lagunas y revela variaciones complejas en el genoma humano. Este avance mejora nuestra comprensión del ADN repetitivo y las variantes estructurales, mejorando el genoma de referencia humano.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La genómica es la genómica.
- Biología Molecular Biología Molecular
- La bioinformática es la bioinformática.
Sus antecedentes:
- El conjunto de referencia del genoma humano, a pesar de su integridad, contiene más de 160 huecos eucromáticos.
- La variación estructural dentro del genoma humano sigue siendo incompletamente entendida una década después de su finalización inicial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para identificar secuencias genómicas faltantes y variaciones genéticas.
- Aprovechar la tecnología de secuenciación de larga lectura para un análisis más completo del genoma humano.
Principales métodos:
- Secuenciación y análisis de un genoma humano haploide (CHM1) utilizando secuenciación de ADN de una sola molécula en tiempo real (SMRT).
- Resolución a nivel de pares de bases de las variantes estructurales eucromáticas.
Principales resultados:
- Cerró o extendió el 55% de las brechas intersticiales restantes en el genoma de referencia GRCh37, muchas de las cuales contienen repeticiones tandem cortas largas y degeneradas dentro de regiones ricas en G + C.
- Se resolvieron 26.079 variantes estructurales eucromáticas, incluidas inversiones, inserciones complejas y largas repeticiones en tándem, con alta sensibilidad a eventos <5 kilobases.
- Se identificó un sesgo de inserción de 3:1 en regiones con inserciones complejas y repeticiones tandem largas y cortas en comparación con la referencia humana.
Conclusiones:
- La tecnología de secuenciación de lectura más larga puede resolver el ADN complejo repetitivo anteriormente inaccesible.
- El genoma humano exhibe una mayor complejidad en su variación estructural, particularmente con respecto a elementos repetitivos más largos e intrincados.
- Este estudio mejora significativamente la caracterización de la diversidad estructural del genoma humano.
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